Section 16.1 - Oxidation and Reduction Processes

Question 1

chemical reactions that involve a change in the electron configurations of the reacting substances are

Answer 1

oxidation-reduction reactions (redox reactions)

Question 2

any process in which an atom loses one or more electrons

Answer 2

oxidation

Question 3

any process in which an atom gains one or more electrons

Answer 3

reduction

Question 4

LEO GER

Answer 4

Loss of Electrons = Oxidation
Gain of Electrons = Reduction

Question 5

the reactants in a redox reaction may be viewed as

Answer 5

acting upon each other to cause the reaction

Question 6

redox is

Answer 6

change in the electronic structure

Question 7

one reactant that cases oxidation by accepting electrons from the other reactant, reducing in the process

Answer 7

oxidizing agent

Question 8

reaction that causes reduction by giving up electrons for other reactant to accept, oxidizing in the process

Answer 8

reducing agent

Question 9

oxidation and reduction occur

Answer 9

simultaneously

Question 10

the reducing agent is __________ and the oxidizing agent is ____________

Answer 10

oxidized
reduced

Question 11

the charge the atom is assumed to have in a particular ion or compound

a result of assigning valence electrons to the more electronegative element involved in a bond

Answer 11

oxidation number

Question 12

Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers:

Answer 12

1. the oxidation number of any element in its uncombined state is 0
2. the oxidation number of a monoatomic (one-atom) ion is equal to charge
3. Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 in most of its compounds
4. oxygen is assigned an oxidation of -2 in most of its compounds
5. halogens in their compounds are assigned oxidation number of -1 unless they are bonded to a more electronegative halogen or to oxygen
6. alkali metals (G1), alkaline earth metals (G2), and aluminum (G13) in their commpounds have positive oxidation numbers equal to the number of valence electrons in the neutral atom
7. the algebraic sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion MUST EQUAL THE CHARGE ON THAT PARTICLE

Question 13

find oxidation numbers

Answer 13

CO2
1. charge = 0
2. (1xC) + (2 x -2) = 0
3. C = -3 O= -2

Question 14

is a process in which the oxidation number increases
(becomes more positive)

Answer 14

oxidation

Question 15

process in which the oxidation number decreases (becomes more negative)

Answer 15

reduction

Question 16

in a balanced redox equation, the ________________ in oxidation numbers must equal the _____________ in oxidation numbers

Answer 16

total decrease = total increase