Section 9.1- Types of Chemical Bonds

Question 1

is composed of two or more elements that have combined chemically

Answer 1

compound

Question 2

is an attractive force between atoms that is strong enough to enable the group to act as a unit

Answer 2

chemical bond

Question 3

simple ionic compounds and molecular compounds typically have very __________________ properties

Answer 3

different

Question 4

the most important factor affecting how atoms form chemical bonds is the

Answer 4

number of valence electrons in each atom involved

Question 5

the principle that states that the atoms will tend to react chemically so as to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration, either by losing or gaining electrons or by sharing electrons with other atoms, therefore obtaining additional stability

Answer 5

octet rule

Question 6

ionic bonding is literally the

Answer 6

“transfer” of electrons

Question 7

as a rule, elements toward the ______________ of the periodic table tend to lose electrons in bonding, while elements toward the __________ of the periodic table tend to gain electrons in bonding

Answer 7

left- lose
right- gain

Question 8

atoms that gain electron become

Answer 8

anions

Question 9

atoms that lose electrons become

Answer 9

cations

Question 10

a chemical bond in which positively charged ions are electrically attracted to negatively charged ions is an

Answer 10

ionic bond

Question 11

ionic compounds do not consist of

Answer 11

molecules

Question 12

the elements on the left side of the periodic table (metals) react with elements on the _____________________________ to form ionic crystalline solids

Answer 12

far right side (nonmetals)

Question 13

a chemical bond that results from the SHARING of valence electrons between atoms is a

one atom is bonded to the other because both are attracted to the electrons shared between them

Answer 13

covalent bonds

Question 14

________________________ of both positive nuclei for the negatively charged electron cloud holds the nuclei together in a covalent bond

Answer 14

mutual attraction

Question 15

all _______________ are identical

Answer 15

electrons

Question 16

when two atoms share a single pair of electrons the bond is a

Answer 16

single covalent bond (single bond)

Question 17

two or three pairs of electrons shared by two atoms form a

Answer 17

multiple bond

Question 18

sharing two pairs of electrons forms a

Answer 18

double bond

Question 19

sharing three pairs of electrons

Answer 19

triple bond

Question 20

some compounds, especially those containing _________________, include both ionic and covalent bonds

Answer 20

polyatomic ions

Question 21

pairs not involved in a bond

Answer 21

lone pairs or nonbinding pairs

Question 22

generally, covalent bonds hold atoms discrete molecules that contain a ______________ number of atoms and have specific _______________

Answer 22

fixed number
geometric shapes

Question 23

substances that are composed of billions or trillions of atoms that are bonded together into a singe unit by a strong covalent bonds

Answer 23

covalent networks

Question 24

the hardest known substance composed of a three dimensional network (crystal)

Answer 24

diamond

Question 25

extremely large molecules

Answer 25

macromolecules

Question 26

all metals share these similar properties

Answer 26

1. good conductors of electricity 2. good conductors of heat 3. malleable and ductile 4. most are shiny and highly reflective 5. have very high melting and boiling points

Question 27

chemical bonds that bind atoms together in a metal are

Answer 27

metallic bonds

Question 28

when an electron is shared not with just one nearby atom but with all the surrounding atoms, they are called

Answer 28

delocalized electrons

Question 29

the large number of freely circulating _____________ gives metals their characteristic properties

Answer 29

electrons

Question 30

in most cases, the bonding in compounds is not completely ______________________________

Answer 30

ionic, covalent, or metallic

Question 31

a bond is considered predominantly ionic if the electronegativity difference between the two bonded atoms is greater than

Answer 31

1.7

Question 32

if the difference of the atoms in a bond is less than 1.7, the bond is predominantly

Answer 32

covalent

Question 33

a covalent bond in which both atoms share electrons equally is a

Answer 33

nonpolar bond

Question 34

a covalent bond in which electrons are shared unequally between atoms is a

Answer 34

polar bond (unequal sharing)

Question 35

is only a fraction of a "full" charge such as 1+ and 1- represented by the lowercase Greek letter delta

Answer 35

partial charge

Question 36

a bond or molecule that has a negative end and a positive end (a polar bond or polar molecule) forms a

Answer 36

dipole

Question 37

a dipole is represented by

Answer 37

|-------> (points toward the more electronegative end)