Test 5 Review Flashcards
properties of alkali metals
- form cations
- lose one electron
- found in plant ash
properties of alkaline earth metals
- exist as cations
- 2+
- found in earth crust
known as the salt-formers
Group 17- Halogens
forms 2+ ions
alkaline earth metals
periodic back and forth motion
wave
distance between two correspond points on a wave
wavelength (lambda)
frequency and wavelength are ____________ operations
inverse
the waves strength
amplitude
rate at which a wave travels
speed
proposed the particle theory of light
Newton
proposed the idea of the electromagnetic wave
Maxwell
the electromagnetic wave is..
an electric component and a magnetic component
symbol for speed of light
c
the arrangement of all possible electromagnetic waves
electromagnetic spectrum
proposed the dual nature of light
Einstein
packet of light or energy
photon
in the equation E = hF, h stands for
Planck’s constant
Planck’s constant
6.63 x 10 ^-34
element used initially with the spectrum
hydrogen
proposed the model of the atom where the electrons lose energy and collide
Rutherford’s model
model after Rutherford’s that proposes energy levels to keep organized orbits
Bohr’s model
the lowest energy level an electron can have
ground state
any energy level higher than the ground state is said to be an
excited state
states that it is impossible to simultaneously determine the position and momentum of an object
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle
KNOW COMBINING CAPACITY
KNOW ALL PERIODIC TRENDS
KNOW ALL COMPONENTS OF PERIODIC TABLE
proposed the electron cloud model
Born
the aufbau principle states that
electrons fill lowest to highest energy levels
four quantum numbers
principle (n) - energy level; required for address
subshell (l) - shape; required for address
magnetic (m sub l) - orientation in space; required for address
spin (m sub s) - spin/rotation
the electron configuration tells
- where the electrons are
- what element is it
- the chemical properties
Hund’s rule
electrons fill up all one way before pairing
KNOW HOW TO WRITE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
as wavelength increases, frequency
decreases
type of wave in which light consists
electromagnetic wave
speed of light in meters per second
3.00 x 10^8 m/s
the complete range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
electromagnetic spectrum
seven broad categories the electromagnetic spectrum is divided into
radio waves,
microwaves
infrared waves
visible light
ultraviolet waves
x-rays
gamma rays
the amount of energy a photon contains is proportional to the
frequency
Pauli exclusino principle
it is impossible to simultaneously determine the momentum and the position of an electron with precision
what is an orbital
region in space in which there is a high probability of finding the electron
what is an orbit
definite path in which and electron can be found
what is the electron configuration
complete arrangement of electrons in an atom
the electron configuration of an atom determines how the atom _____________________ and influences ____ and ____________ of molecules that are found
- chemically bonds
- shape and properties
number that describes a property of an electron according to the Schrodinger equations
quantum number
one of the earliest chemists to show similarity of properties for groups of elements by arranging them in TRIADS
Dobereiner
demonstrated the periodicity of elements for groups of eight elements (octaves)
Newlands
arranges elements according to atomic mass with varying sizes of periods and with elements having similar properties in the same group; led to the modern periodic table
Mendeleev
showed that the periodicity of the elements was related to atomic number rather than to atomic mass
Moseley
properties of alkali metals
- low densities
- very chemically reactive
- never found in their free state
- react with water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide
- react with oxygen and water vapor in the air
properties of alkaline earth metals
- silvery-white
- malleable
- ductile,
- less soft and have higher densities and melting points
- less reactive than alkali metals
- still too reactive to be found naturally as free elements
atomic radius; metallic character
decreases across
increases down
ionization energy
electron affinity
electronegativity
increases across
decreases down
energy involved in ADDING an electron to a neutral gaseous atom
electron affinity
energy needed to REMOVE an electron from a neutral gaseous atom
first ionization energy
describe electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with another atom
