Section 7.2- Electrons and the Structure of the Atom

Question 1

a more precise instrument that can be used in the laboratory to separate the colors even further and study them in more detail

Answer 1

spectrometer

Question 2

a spectrum containing only certain colors (wavelengths) is a

Answer 2

line spectrum

Question 3

a spectrum containing the complete array of colors, is a

Answer 3

continuous spectrum

Question 4

allowed scientists to study elements in an entirely new way

Answer 4

discovery of line spectra

Question 5

virtual fingerprint

Answer 5

line spectrum

Question 6

presented the atom as a miniature solar system with electrons orbiting like planets

Answer 6

Rutherford’s planetary model

Question 7

the problem withe Rutherford’s planetary model

Answer 7

the electron would spiral closer to the nucleus as it gradually lost energy, eventually colliding with the nucleus and destroying the atom

Question 8

proposed a new model of atomic structure that explains both why the lines in the hydrogen spectrum are mathematically related and why the atom does not self-destruct

Answer 8

Niels Bohr

Question 9

using aspects of Planck’s quantum theory, Bohr explained that the electron in the hydrogen atom can move about the nucleus only in specific orbits called

Answer 9

energy levels

Question 10

only certain orbits are allowed; the energy of the allowed orbits is _________________

Answer 10

quantized (restricted to certain values)

Question 11

equation for energy quantized

Answer 11

E = -J (a constant) / nsquared (quantum number)

Question 12

the lowest energy state

Answer 12

ground state

Question 13

the ground state of the hydrogen atom is the state where

Answer 13

n = 1

Question 14

all other higher-energy states are said to be

Answer 14

excited states

Question 15

the ______________ energy state possible is the most stable

Answer 15

lowest

Question 16

gives us the energy of the photon emitted in a transition

Answer 16

E2 - E1 = hf

Question 17

both ______________ and _________________ are quantized.

Answer 17

absorptions
emissions

Question 19

problem with Bohr’s model

Answer 19

it fails to account for the spectra of atoms containing more than one electron

Question 20

a French physicist who proposed that since radiation has properties of particles, then particles in motion should have properties of waves

Answer 20

Louis de Broglie

Question 21

the waves de Broglie proposed

Answer 21

matter waves

Question 22

matter waves cannot move at the

Answer 22

speed of light

Question 23

the equations for the matter waves wavelength

Answer 23

lambda = h (Planck’s constant) / mv

Question 24

the electron can be shown to behave as a ____________ as well as a _____________

Answer 24

wave and particle

Question 25

applies to all waves and all particles, though for macroscopic objects the wave properties are too small to measure and are ignored

Answer 25

wave-particle duality

Question 26

combined the Bohr model with de Broglie’s hypothesis to propose the wave- mechanical model

Answer 26

Erwin Schrodinger

Question 27

according to this model of the atom, an electron in an atom behaves as a three-dimensional matter wave containing an integral number of wavelengths in an orbit

Answer 27

Schrodinger’s wave-mechanical model

Question 28

a three-dimensional matter wave containing an integral number of wavelengths in an orbit is known as a

Answer 28

standing wave

Question 29

stated the uncertainty principle

Answer 29

Werner Heisenberg

Question 30

states that it is impossible to simultaneously determine the momentum (mass times velocity) and the position of an electron with precision; either momentum or position may be precisely measured, but not both

Answer 30

uncertainty principle

Question 31

in Born’s interpretation, electrons are treated as pointlike particles rather than waves but are not regarded as having definite orbits through space; instead, they are said to move in regions called

Answer 31

orbitals

Question 32

a region of space in which there is a high probability of finding the electron

Answer 32

orbital

Question 33

a definite path in space

Answer 33

orbit

Question 34

Born’s interpretation of the wave-mechanical model is sometimes called the

Answer 34

electron-cloud model

Question 35

Born’s interpretation is simply another way of looking at ____________________

Answer 35

Schrodinger’s equations