Section 17.4- Effects of Radiation on Matter

Question 1

alpha rays, beta rays, gamma rays, x-rays, and neutrons are all ___________________

defined as any radiation capable of causing ionization

Answer 1

ionizing radiation

Question 2

although neutrons do not cause ionization directly, they do so indirectly by

Answer 2

reacting with target nuclei to form alpha-, beta-, or gamma-emitting isotopes

Question 3

cells are most susceptible to radiation damage when

Answer 3

they are dividing (reproducing)

Question 4

cells in the body that are more susceptible to radiation damage

Answer 4

bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract

Question 5

any cells that are dividing and multiplying are susceptible to

Answer 5

radiation

Question 6

can cause moderate to severe skin burns called radiation burns if deposited directly onto the skin

Answer 6

beta-emitting isotopes

Question 7

can pass right through the body’s surface layers and thus tend to produce whole-body effects rather than localized burns

Answer 7

the more penetrating radiation (gamma rays, x-rays, neutrons)

Question 8

_______________ emitters become far more dangerous if ingested or inhaled, whereas _______________ do not

Answer 8

alpha and beta

gamma and neutron

Question 9

ionizing radiation is __________ to detect

Answer 9

easy

Question 10

the amount of radiation that causes an exposed object to absorb 0.01 J of energy per kilo of mass

Answer 10

rad (radiation absorbed dose)

Question 11

takes into account the effects of different types of radiation on living things

Answer 11

rem (biological dose equivalent)

Question 12

1 rad =

Answer 12

1 rem

Question 13

the rad is slowly being replaced by the

Answer 13

gray

Question 14

the rem is slowly being replaced by the

Answer 14

sievert