Chemistry Quarter 1 Exam Review

Question 1

system of measurement primarily used in science

Answer 1

metric system

Question 2

unit of time in metric system

Answer 2

seconds

Question 3

the purpose of scientific notation

Answer 3

makes large numbers more manageable

Question 4

REVIEW SECTION 1.3 for SIG FIG RULES

Question 5

REVIEW METRIC PREFIXES (pg. 7)

Question 6

what is matter?

Answer 6

anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 7

four states of matter

Answer 7

solid
liquid
gas
plasma

Question 8

smallest individual particle

Answer 8

atom

Question 9

smallest individual part of a compound

Answer 9

molecule

Question 10

cannot be broken down further chemically

Answer 10

element

Question 11

KNOW ELEMENTS AND SYMBOLS (pg. 19)

Question 12

homogenous mixture vs. heterogenous mixture

Answer 12

homogenous is all uniform in color
heterogenous has phases of color; not uniform

Question 13

a homogenous mixture is also known as a

Answer 13

solution

Question 14

atomic theory–

Answer 14

1. every element consists of tiny, indivisible, indestructible particles called atoms (FALSE; atoms are destructible)
2. all of the atoms of a particular element have the same size, mass, and chemical behavior (FALSE; atoms vary slightly in mass)
3. differences in properties of elements result from differences in the atoms of the elements
4. the atoms of the elements combined in a compound are combined in a definite ratio
5. a chemical reaction is the result of rearrangement, combination, or separation of atoms

Question 15

states that the ratios of the masses of each element in a given compound are always the same

Answer 15

law of definite composition

Question 16

states that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed amount of the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers

Answer 16

law of multiple proportions

Question 17

properties determined by reactions, flammability, acidity

Answer 17

chemical properties

Question 18

properties determined by looking; color, state of matter, mass

Answer 18

physical properties

Question 19

proposed the hard-sphere model of the atom (1)

Answer 19

Dalton

Question 20

proposed the plum-pudding model of the atom (2)

Answer 20

Thompson

Question 21

proposed the planetary model of the atom (3)

Answer 21

Rutherford

Question 22

when atoms of the same element differ in number of neutrons

Answer 22

isotopes

Question 23

the comparison of protons to electrons; the imbalance of protons to electrons

Answer 23

ions

Question 24

positively charged ion

Answer 24

cation (excess of protons)

Question 25

negatively charged ion

Answer 25

anion (excess of electrons)

Question 26

KNOW HOW TO MATHEMATICALLY FIND # OF PROTONS, ELECTRONS, AND NEUTRONS

Question 27

the number of protons

Answer 27

atomic number (Z)

Question 28

the sum of the number of protons (Z) and neutrons (N)

Answer 28

mass number (A)

Question 29

mass number equation

Answer 29

A = Z + N

Question 30

neutron equation

Answer 30

N = A - Z

Question 31

the # of electrons is determined by the

Answer 31

of protons and the -+ symbol of element

Question 32

means to measure elements

Answer 32

stoichiometry

Question 33

a molecular compound consists of

Answer 33

two nonmetals

Question 34

ionic compounds consist of

Answer 34

at least 1 metal and 1 nonmetal

Question 35

KNOW IONIC COMPOUNDS (pg. 40)

Question 36

BE ABLE TO CALCULATE MOLAR MASS AND MOLECULAR MASS

Answer 36

same procedure for both– add all the atomic masses of elements

Question 37

Avogadro’s number

Answer 37

6.022 x 10^23
a mole of anything
the link between the micro and macro