Test questions for cardio strand Flashcards

1
Q

how would you treat someone with elevated ST myocardial infarction (STEMI)

A

coronary stent and infusion with abciximab (glycoprotein IIb/IIa on platelets) reducing aggregation of these cells to prevent clotting in his stent

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2
Q

what does aspirin do

A

reduce platelet activation through inhibition of thromboxane A2

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3
Q

what does clopidogrel do

A

PIIY12 inhibitor which reduces platelet aggregation

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4
Q

what is rivaroxiban

A

direct oral anticoagulant and inhibits clotting factor Xa

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5
Q

which neurotransmitter is the principle postganglionic NT of the parasympathetic division

A

ACh

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6
Q

which neurotransmitter is the principle postganglionic NT of the sympathetic division

A

NA

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7
Q

what can you give someone who is bradycardic in an emergency situ

A

atropine as it blocks ACh and therefore less parasymathic input to the heart

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8
Q

in the cardiac action potential which phase involves rapid influx of Na

A

phase 0

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9
Q

in systolic heart failure which drug is used as a minerlcorticoid receptor antagonist

A

bisiprolol - redcues RAAS

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10
Q

what does ramipril do in systolic heart failure

A

ACE inhibitor

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11
Q

what does spironolactone/eplereone do in systolic heart failure

A

aldosterone antagonists

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12
Q

during systolic heart failure you perform an ECHO (echocardiogram) what is the key measurement to determine severity of HF

A

left ventricular ejection fraction which is calculated by dividing stroke volume by EDV

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13
Q

what are the 4 defects in teratology of fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis
overriding aorta
ventricular septal defects
right ventricular hypertrophy

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14
Q

what test would you do to determine a pulmonary embolism

A

CT pulmonary angiogram (BEST) or V/Q scanning

D-dimer can be used but not specific to PE,

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15
Q

someone with atrial fibrillation is given warfarin - why

A

it inhibits vitamin K dependant coagulation factors such as 2, 7, 9, 10

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16
Q

what inhibits platelet receptor P2Y12 and when is it used

A

clopidogrel and prasugral (used for patients without atrial fibrillation but have has ischemic stroke before)

17
Q

what does dabigatran do and when is it used

A

thrombin inhibitor and may be used for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

18
Q

what inhibits coagulation of factor Xa only

A

riveroxban, apixban, edoxaban - perscribed for patients with atrial fibrillation to prevent ischemic stroke

19
Q

what does Ca bind to in the cardiomyocyte

A

binds to troponin

20
Q

which law describes relationship between preload (EDV) and stroke volume

A

frank sterling law