Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

what are the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall from superficial to deep

Answer 1

skin
subcutenouas tissue (fatty)
muscle layers
peritoneum

Question 2

what are the 3 paired muscles that form the anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 2

external oblique
internal oblique
transverses abdominus

Question 3

which muscles of the abdominal wall are supported anteriorly and posteriorly

Answer 3

rectus abdominus

quadratus lumborum

Question 4

what does the subclavian artery lead to in the abdominal wall

Answer 4

subclavian to internal thoracic to superior epigastric

Question 5

what do these arteries supply
external iliac
femoral

Answer 5

inferior epigastric

superficial epigastric and deep circumflex

Question 6

where do the nerves of the abdomen lie

Answer 6

run between the internal oblique and transverses abdomens

Question 7

what specifically are the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall and what do they innervate

Answer 7

thorax-abdominal nerves (continue form the intercostal nerves)
supply skin overlying the abdominal wall / muscles of the abdominal wall (sensory and motor)
parietal peritoneum

Question 8

what is the rectus sheath

Answer 8

aponeurosis of the three anterolateral muscles

is is a fibrous compartment containing rectus abdomens, epigastric arteries and tips of the thoracoabdoinal nerves

Question 9

what are the layers of the rectus sheath above the umbilicus

Answer 9

anterior - external oblique aponeurosis, anterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis
posterior - posterior layer of internal oblique apon, transverses abdominus and peritoneum

Question 10

what are the layers of the rectus sheath below the umbilicus

Answer 10

anterior - external oblique apon, internal oblique apon, transverses abdominus
posterior - peritoneum

Question 11

describe the transverse and sagittal rectus sheath

Answer 11

check diagrams in the home screen folder

Question 12

what structures can be seen from the posterior view of the anterior abdominal wall

Answer 12

arcuate line
lateral umbilicus ligament (inferior epigastric)
medial umbilical ligament (obliterated umbilical artery)
median umbilical ligament (urachus)

Question 13

what is the inguinal region

Answer 13

area of abdominal wall extending from the ASIS to pubic tubercle - contains spermatic cord in male and round ligament in women

Question 14

what are the boundaries of the inguinal canal

Answer 14

anterior
posterior
roof
floor

Question 15

what make up the level of the deep ring, middle and level of superficial ring of the anterior wall boundary

Answer 15

internal oblique, external oblique
external oblique aponeurosis
external oblique aponeurosis

Question 16

what make up the level of the deep ring, middle and level of superficial ring of the posterior wall boundary

Answer 16

transversalis fascia
transversalis fascia
conjoint tendon

Question 17

what make up the level of the deep ring, middle and level of superficial ring of the roof boundary

Answer 17

transversus fascia
arching fibres of internal oblique and transverses abdominus
medial crus of external oblique

Question 18

what make up the level of the deep ring, middle and level of superficial ring of the floor boundary

Answer 18

inguinal ligament
inguinal ligament
lacunar ligament

Question 19

what are the male contents of the inguinal canal

Answer 19

spermatic cord: 
ductus deferens and artery 
testicular artery 
cremasteric artery 
sump nerve fibres
genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve 
lymphatic vessels

Question 20

what are the contents of the female inguinal canal

Answer 20

round ligament of eh uterus

Question 21

what is a direct inguinal hernia

Answer 21

direct - acquired
protrusion at level of superficial ring
leaves abdomen medial to inferior epigastric vessels
hernial sac limited by the peritoneum and transversalis fascia
does not usually enter scrotum

Question 22

what is an indirect (congenital) inguinal hernia

Answer 22

protrusion occurs at level of deep ring (typically in young males)
leaves abdomen later to inferior epigastric vessels and can enter the scrotum
the hernial sac is consistent with the processes vaginalis
more common than direct

Question 23

what is the direction of the external oblique muscle

Answer 23

same as external intercostal - they run anteroinferiorly

Question 24

where do the three layers of he anterior lateral wall join

Answer 24

in the midline at the linear alba

Question 25

from the lateral view which is muscle group is most superior to deep

Answer 25

external
internal
transverses abdominus

Question 26

where does the inguinal ligament run

Answer 26

inguinal ligament runs to pubic tubercle medially

Question 27

what is deep to the transverses abdominus

Answer 27

transversalis fascia

Question 28

what is deep to the transversalis fascia

Answer 28

parietal peritoneum