Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
what are the layers of the anterolateral abdominal wall from superficial to deep
skin
subcutenouas tissue (fatty)
muscle layers
peritoneum
what are the 3 paired muscles that form the anterolateral abdominal wall
external oblique
internal oblique
transverses abdominus
which muscles of the abdominal wall are supported anteriorly and posteriorly
rectus abdominus
quadratus lumborum
what does the subclavian artery lead to in the abdominal wall
subclavian to internal thoracic to superior epigastric
what do these arteries supply
external iliac
femoral
inferior epigastric
superficial epigastric and deep circumflex
where do the nerves of the abdomen lie
run between the internal oblique and transverses abdomens
what specifically are the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall and what do they innervate
thorax-abdominal nerves (continue form the intercostal nerves)
supply skin overlying the abdominal wall / muscles of the abdominal wall (sensory and motor)
parietal peritoneum
what is the rectus sheath
aponeurosis of the three anterolateral muscles
is is a fibrous compartment containing rectus abdomens, epigastric arteries and tips of the thoracoabdoinal nerves
what are the layers of the rectus sheath above the umbilicus
anterior - external oblique aponeurosis, anterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis
posterior - posterior layer of internal oblique apon, transverses abdominus and peritoneum
what are the layers of the rectus sheath below the umbilicus
anterior - external oblique apon, internal oblique apon, transverses abdominus
posterior - peritoneum
describe the transverse and sagittal rectus sheath
check diagrams in the home screen folder
what structures can be seen from the posterior view of the anterior abdominal wall
arcuate line
lateral umbilicus ligament (inferior epigastric)
medial umbilical ligament (obliterated umbilical artery)
median umbilical ligament (urachus)
what is the inguinal region
area of abdominal wall extending from the ASIS to pubic tubercle - contains spermatic cord in male and round ligament in women
what are the boundaries of the inguinal canal
anterior
posterior
roof
floor
what make up the level of the deep ring, middle and level of superficial ring of the anterior wall boundary
internal oblique, external oblique
external oblique aponeurosis
external oblique aponeurosis
what make up the level of the deep ring, middle and level of superficial ring of the posterior wall boundary
transversalis fascia
transversalis fascia
conjoint tendon
what make up the level of the deep ring, middle and level of superficial ring of the roof boundary
transversus fascia
arching fibres of internal oblique and transverses abdominus
medial crus of external oblique
what make up the level of the deep ring, middle and level of superficial ring of the floor boundary
inguinal ligament
inguinal ligament
lacunar ligament
what are the male contents of the inguinal canal
spermatic cord: ductus deferens and artery testicular artery cremasteric artery sump nerve fibres genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve lymphatic vessels
what are the contents of the female inguinal canal
round ligament of eh uterus
what is a direct inguinal hernia
direct - acquired
protrusion at level of superficial ring
leaves abdomen medial to inferior epigastric vessels
hernial sac limited by the peritoneum and transversalis fascia
does not usually enter scrotum
what is an indirect (congenital) inguinal hernia
protrusion occurs at level of deep ring (typically in young males)
leaves abdomen later to inferior epigastric vessels and can enter the scrotum
the hernial sac is consistent with the processes vaginalis
more common than direct
what is the direction of the external oblique muscle
same as external intercostal - they run anteroinferiorly
where do the three layers of he anterior lateral wall join
in the midline at the linear alba
from the lateral view which is muscle group is most superior to deep
external
internal
transverses abdominus
where does the inguinal ligament run
inguinal ligament runs to pubic tubercle medially
what is deep to the transverses abdominus
transversalis fascia
what is deep to the transversalis fascia
parietal peritoneum
