Respiratory System Anatomy

Question 1

what is the function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

gas exchange
speech
smell

Question 2

what are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system

Answer 2

conducting portion:
transports air and conditions air - moisten, warms and filters
respiratory portion:
thin, moist, delicate membrane, site of gas exchange

Question 3

where does the conducting portion start and finish

Answer 3

nasal cavity to terminal bronchi

Question 4

within the nasal cavity there are undulations called what and what is their role

Answer 4

conchae - superior, middle and inferior

they produce turbulent flow of air allowing it to enter the sinuses for conditioning

Question 5

what are the three areas of the pharynx

Answer 5

superior - nasopharynx
middle - oropharynx
inferior - layrngopharnyx

Question 6

where s the sphenoid sinus

Answer 6

behind the nasal cavity

Question 7

what is the role of the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 7

drain excess tears form the eye to the nose

Question 8

what are the 4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 8

maxillary sinuses - inferior
middle - ethmoidal cells
superior - frontal sinuses
midline - sphenoid sinus

Question 9

what do the lungs invaginate

Answer 9

2 pleural sacs

Question 10

what does the trachea divide into

Answer 10

primary bronchi

Question 11

what are the three main cavities in the thorax

Answer 11

2 pulmonary cavities

mediastinum containing the oesophagus and the heart, trachea, major vessels and nerves

Question 12

what is the costal margin

Answer 12

the lower edge of the rib cage running from the 7th to 10th rib

Question 13

what are the differences between the right and left lung

Answer 13

right: short, broad, larger, heavier, 3 lobes
contains oblique and horizontal fissure
left: tall, narrow, 2 lobes, oblique fissure

Question 14

what can be seen on the surface of the lungs

Answer 14

costal indentations from the ribs

Question 15

why are the lungs domed

Answer 15

presence of the diaphragm

Question 16

what can be seen from the medial aspect of the lungs

Answer 16

pulmonary veins: oxygenated
pulmonary artery: deoxygenated
bronchi

Question 17

what does biurification mean

Answer 17

division from one into two branches

Question 18

what is the carina

Answer 18

it is the ridge of cartilage present where the trachea undergoes biurification

Question 19

describe the travel of air from the trachea to the terminal bronchi

Answer 19

trachea, primary bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, terminal bronchi

Question 20

what makes up the respiratory portion

Answer 20

respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs

Question 21

what is the role of the capillary beds that surround the alveolar sacs

Answer 21

receive deoxygenated blood via pulmonary arteries

send oxygenated blood via pulmonary veins

Question 22

what is the hilum of the lung

Answer 22

it is found on the medial aspect of the lung and is where nerves, blood vessels and bronchi enter and exit the lungs

Question 23

what is the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract

Answer 23

URT - nasal cavity to pharynx to larynx (also include sinuses)
LRT - trachea to bronchi to the lungs

Question 24

what are common examples of URT infection compared to LRT infection

Answer 24

URT - cold

LRT - pneumonia

Question 25

what are the function of the thoracic cage

Answer 25

protection - bony cage around vital organs

respiratory movements - changes thoracic volume underlie movement of fresh air into lungs and stale air out

Question 26

what are the three segments of the sternum

Answer 26

superior - manubrium
middle - body
inferior - xiphoid process

Question 27

what are the three types of ribs

Answer 27

true 1-7
false 8-10
11/12 floating ribs

Question 28

where can the aortic and pulmonary valves be found

Answer 28

between rib two and three

Question 29

what is external respiration

Answer 29

the mechanism of movement of air in and out of the lungs via movement of the rib cage

Question 30

what are the three planes of movement of the rib cage

Answer 30

vertical
anteroposterior
transverse

Question 31

what closes off the thoracic outlet by separating the thorax from the abdomen

Answer 31

diaphragm

Question 32

what muscle is the diaphragm made up of

Answer 32

radial muscle fibres interred into central tendon

Question 33

which dome of the diaphragm is superior

Answer 33

right

Question 34

what allow passage of nerves, arteries and veins through the diaphragm

Answer 34

apertures

Question 35

what innervates the diaphragm

Answer 35

phrenic nerves from C3-5

Question 36

what are the three layers of muscle between each rib

Answer 36

external intercostal muscles
internal intercostal
innermost intercostal
external has opposite orientation to inner two

Question 37

what is the difference in role of the intercostal muscle

Answer 37

external contract for breathing in

internal for breathing out

Question 38

what are the movement differences of the upper and lower ribs

Answer 38

upper ribs increase A’P diameter

lower ribs increase transverse diameter

Question 39

what lies between the rib cage and the lungs themselves

Answer 39

pleura

Question 40

what is the fluid with the pleura and what does it do

Answer 40

serous fluid which helps lungs to slide
also creates surface tension between parietal and visceral lung which aids in respiration as when the rib cage moves it then pulls on lungs from the tension

Question 41

what are the 4 divisions of the pleura

Answer 41

cervical - at the apex of the lung
costal - lateral side of the pleura
diaphragmatic - inferior
mediastinal - medial aspect