Respiratory System Anatomy Flashcards
what is the function of the respiratory system
gas exchange
speech
smell
what are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system
conducting portion:
transports air and conditions air - moisten, warms and filters
respiratory portion:
thin, moist, delicate membrane, site of gas exchange
where does the conducting portion start and finish
nasal cavity to terminal bronchi
within the nasal cavity there are undulations called what and what is their role
conchae - superior, middle and inferior
they produce turbulent flow of air allowing it to enter the sinuses for conditioning
what are the three areas of the pharynx
superior - nasopharynx
middle - oropharynx
inferior - layrngopharnyx
where s the sphenoid sinus
behind the nasal cavity
what is the role of the nasolacrimal duct
drain excess tears form the eye to the nose
what are the 4 paranasal sinuses
maxillary sinuses - inferior
middle - ethmoidal cells
superior - frontal sinuses
midline - sphenoid sinus
what do the lungs invaginate
2 pleural sacs
what does the trachea divide into
primary bronchi
what are the three main cavities in the thorax
2 pulmonary cavities
mediastinum containing the oesophagus and the heart, trachea, major vessels and nerves
what is the costal margin
the lower edge of the rib cage running from the 7th to 10th rib
what are the differences between the right and left lung
right: short, broad, larger, heavier, 3 lobes
contains oblique and horizontal fissure
left: tall, narrow, 2 lobes, oblique fissure
what can be seen on the surface of the lungs
costal indentations from the ribs
why are the lungs domed
presence of the diaphragm
what can be seen from the medial aspect of the lungs
pulmonary veins: oxygenated
pulmonary artery: deoxygenated
bronchi
what does biurification mean
division from one into two branches
what is the carina
it is the ridge of cartilage present where the trachea undergoes biurification
describe the travel of air from the trachea to the terminal bronchi
trachea, primary bronchi, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, terminal bronchi
what makes up the respiratory portion
respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs
what is the role of the capillary beds that surround the alveolar sacs
receive deoxygenated blood via pulmonary arteries
send oxygenated blood via pulmonary veins
what is the hilum of the lung
it is found on the medial aspect of the lung and is where nerves, blood vessels and bronchi enter and exit the lungs
what is the difference between the upper and lower respiratory tract
URT - nasal cavity to pharynx to larynx (also include sinuses)
LRT - trachea to bronchi to the lungs
what are common examples of URT infection compared to LRT infection
URT - cold
LRT - pneumonia
what are the function of the thoracic cage
protection - bony cage around vital organs
respiratory movements - changes thoracic volume underlie movement of fresh air into lungs and stale air out
what are the three segments of the sternum
superior - manubrium
middle - body
inferior - xiphoid process
what are the three types of ribs
true 1-7
false 8-10
11/12 floating ribs
where can the aortic and pulmonary valves be found
between rib two and three
what is external respiration
the mechanism of movement of air in and out of the lungs via movement of the rib cage
what are the three planes of movement of the rib cage
vertical
anteroposterior
transverse
what closes off the thoracic outlet by separating the thorax from the abdomen
diaphragm
what muscle is the diaphragm made up of
radial muscle fibres interred into central tendon
which dome of the diaphragm is superior
right
what allow passage of nerves, arteries and veins through the diaphragm
apertures
what innervates the diaphragm
phrenic nerves from C3-5
what are the three layers of muscle between each rib
external intercostal muscles
internal intercostal
innermost intercostal
external has opposite orientation to inner two
what is the difference in role of the intercostal muscle
external contract for breathing in
internal for breathing out
what are the movement differences of the upper and lower ribs
upper ribs increase A’P diameter
lower ribs increase transverse diameter
what lies between the rib cage and the lungs themselves
pleura
what is the fluid with the pleura and what does it do
serous fluid which helps lungs to slide
also creates surface tension between parietal and visceral lung which aids in respiration as when the rib cage moves it then pulls on lungs from the tension
what are the 4 divisions of the pleura
cervical - at the apex of the lung
costal - lateral side of the pleura
diaphragmatic - inferior
mediastinal - medial aspect
