Energy Production and Energy Consumption

Question 1

what is the equation for partial pressure

Answer 1

fractional concentration x pressure

Question 2

eg what is the partial pressure in a normal room

Answer 2

PO2 = FiO2 x PB

0.2094 x 101.325 = 21 kPa

Question 3

how does the kPa of O2 change from dry air, to humid air, to alveolar gas

Answer 3

21kpa

19. 9 kpa
20. 9 kpa

Question 4

what are the 6 steps in the oxygen cascade

Answer 4

humidification 
alveolar gas 
alveolar capillary diffusion 
ventilation-perfusion mismatch and shunt 
tissue diffusion 
diffusion with cell

Question 5

what is the pulmonary capillary PO2 vs arterial O2

Answer 5

14. 9 in capillary

13. 6 in artery

Question 6

what is the difference in PO2 in mean tissue vs in the mitochondria

Answer 6

5 Kpa in tissue

greater than 0.15 kPa

Question 7

what is the definition of oxygen delivery

Answer 7

amount of oxygen leaving the heart in one minute

Question 8

how do you calculate oxygen delivery (DO2)

Answer 8

check home screen

Question 9

what is the definition of oxygen consumption

Answer 9

amount of oxygen used by the body in one minute VO2

Question 10

what is the basal metabolic rate equal to

Answer 10

VO2 at rest

Question 11

how do you measure oxygen consumption

Answer 11

Direct calorimetry
2. Indirect calorimetry:
measure VO2:
Arterio-venous CO2  difference
Inspired-expired O2 volume difference

Question 12

what are the normal values for oxygen consumption

Answer 12

200 ml/min
relative to body size BMR = 45 W/m^2
VO2 = 4.8 ml/min/kg

Question 13

what factors affect VO2

Answer 13

age - peak at 0-2 years then falls throughout life
temperature - metabolic rate doubles very 10 degrees
exercise

Question 14

what are the physiological responses of aenemia

Answer 14

increased 23-DPG shift and O2-Hb curve to the right
rescued blood flow to non-essential organs such as skin or the bowel
instead oxygen extraction
increased in cardiac output

Question 15

in aenemia what is the average DO2

Answer 15

1000 ml/min

Question 16

as altitude increases what happens to 
partial pressure of arterial oxygen 
arterial oxygen saturation 
haemoglobin conc
arterial oxygen content

Answer 16

partial pressure of arterial oxygen decreases
arterial oxygen saturation decreases
Hb concentration increases
arterial oxygen content increases and then decreases past 6400m

Question 17

what is the definition of the respiratory exchange ratio

Answer 17

the ration of carbon dioxide production VCO2 to oxygen consumption VO2

Question 18

what is a normal RER value and what affects it

Answer 18

1
acid base balance
hyperventilation
metabolic fuel

Question 19

what is the RER value for
carbs
fatty acids
protein

Answer 19

1

0. 7
1. 8

Question 20

what are the three stages of generation of energy

Answer 20

glycolysis
tricarboxylic acid cycle
oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

where does the process of glycolysis occur and what does it do

Answer 21

occurs in cytoplasm
glucose to pyruvate or lactate
no oxygen required
2 ATP molecules per glucose

Question 22

where does the TCA cycle occur and what is produced

Answer 22

occurs mostly in mitochondria
acetyl CoA (from glycolysis) to CO2
38 ATP molecules per glucose

Question 23

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur and what does it do

Answer 23

occurs in mitochondria
NADh provides H+
H+ combines with O2 to produce water and ATP

Question 24

what are the three causes of cellular hypoxia

Answer 24

anoxic - lack of O2 in the blood
Stagnant - lack of blood supply
Anaemic - lack of Hb

Question 25

what diseases happens when you are anoxic, stagnant or stagnant and anaemic

Answer 25

respiratory failure
angina
angina and low Hb