GIT test questions Flashcards
where are the inferior epigastric vessels located
medial to the deep inguinal ring and the ductus deferent courses around them to enter the pelvis
what are these words associated with mastication migrating motor complex peristalsis reverse peristalsis segmentation
physical breakdown of food clearance of residual fragments movement of material along the length of the gut aborally vomiting mixing of food with digestive enzymes
cholera causes loss of large amounts of..
water and sodium
what must be given in an ORT to see benefit
glucose
how does glucose and sodium enter the gut and movement of water
via symporter which cause decreasing water potential in cells causing water to move via osmosis into them
what does the coeliac trunk supply
the foregut
above the umbilicus what is the relationship in aponeurosis and rectus abdominus
aponeurosis of the transverses abdominus passes posterior to the rectus abdominus alongside the posterior layer of the internal oblique aponeurosis
what can excess salt do to blood and what is the average
hypertension
2.3-3.5 g/day
when would you need to biopsy for someone with bleeding peptic ulcer
older age - risk of cancer
weight loss
start on pantoprazole and test for h pylori
where do you find these structures ampulla of vater appendix mocked diverticulum place circulae taeniae
duodenum caecum ileum jejunum stomach transverses colon
what are common symptoms in someone with bmi over 30
hypertension CVD (MI/stroke) type 2 diabetes (not type 1) colon cancer osteoarthritis
what can lack of iron or fit b12 cause
anaemia through bleeding peptic ulcer
what are the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer
epigastric pain (upper abdomen) heart burn lethargy haematemesis malaena shortness of breath/fainting anaemia high blood urea
what is H pylori, who is most vulnerable and what does it produce/do
gram negative spiral bacterium
devleophing countries in older people
produces urease which breaks down urea, produces Vac and Can A - (role not understood)
describe the course of infection from H pylori
gastric inflammation
(gastritis)
due to stimulation of immune system - increased gastrin release and decreased somatostatin which increase gastric secretion causing inflammation
what are the stores of energy which we can break down
only carbohydrates and fat
what is the energy source in starvation
protein - broken down to amino acids
what does a growing child need in terms of nitrogen balance
positive nitrogen balance
why do we require eating of some fats from diet
so that we can tun them into signalling molecules such as prostaglandins as we cannot synthesise them normally
what are the 4 fat soluble vitamins
ADEK
what can folate deficiency cause in pregnant women
neural tube defects leading to spina bifida
what are the most common mineral deficiencies
iron iodine and zinc
Ca def is less common
during physical herniation what happens to the midgut
rotates 90 digress anticlockwise
what is the total movement of the midgut during development
rotates 270 digress anti-clockwise
