Nerves of the thorax Flashcards
what parts of the thorax does the phrenic nerve innervate
diaphragm and pats of the mediastinum
what is the route of the vagus and where is it in terms of the phrenic
behind the phrenic nerve which runs over the heart
vagus travels to the left and rust of the trachea and oesophagus on the posterior mediastinum - loops under the aorta
what is the anatomy of the sympathetic chain
runs laterally to the spinal cord
what are the divisions of the nervous system
central - brain and spinal cord
peripheral which slits into the somatic (conscious control of external actions such as skin and muscles) and autonomic (control of internal organs and glands) which then divides into the sympathetic and parasympathetic
what types of nerves are in the somatic nervous system
afferent (sensory)
efferent (motor)
what types of nerve fibres are in the autonomic system
afferent
efferent
what is the role of the parasympathetic nerves of the autonomic system
monitors general condition of viscera and organs
how many vertebra are there
31
how many spinal nerves are there
62
31 pairs
how many spinal nerve pairs are there in each spinal segment
cervical - 8 thoracic - 12 lumbar - 5 sacral - 5 coccygeal - 1
label the diagram on the home screen for nerves in the vertebral segment
check home screen
what is the difference between grey and white matter in the spine
grey contains nuclei and cell bodies
white contains axons
what are the parts that leave the dorsal and ventral aspects of the vertebra
ventral - front - ventral rootlets - contain information leaving the spine ie efferent
dorsal rootlets - afferent - coming into the spine
what are the branches that come off a mixed spinal nerve called
ventral and dorsal ramus
what is the dilation in the dorsal root near the vertebral column called
dorsal root ganglion
describe the general structure of nerves in the CNS
cell body in the brain stem of the CNS then a synapse and then postgnaglionic neurones
what is the main nerve of the parasympathetic system
vagus nerve
which regions of the spine does the vagus nerve stem from
cranial and sacral regions
Cranial nerve 3,7,9,10
in the sacral region which organs does the vagus nerve innervate
s2 - s4
parts of the large intestine
kidney and adernal gland
bladder and reproductive organs
what is the general principle of structure of a parasympathetic neuron
long preganglionic fibre and short postganglionic fibre
where do all preganglionic fibres leave the spinal cord
T1-L2
what is the general structure of the sympathetic fibres
short preganglionic (into sympathetic chain) then long post ganglionic fibre
what is myelin sheath made from
white due to the prescience of fatty acids
from the mixed spinal nerves - what do neurones enter and leave the sympathetic chain from
from the spinal nerve to the chain = white ramus communicans
grey - goes from mixed nerve to the periphery
