CardioVascular System Anatomy Flashcards
what is the basic function of the cardiovascular system
maintain a constant internal environment - homeostasis
what is the vessel travel from the aorta to the superior/inferior vena cave
aorta - artery - arterioles - capillary bed in organs - venules, veins, superior/inferior vena cava
what are the basic components of the CVS
2 pumps
closed system of tubes
two circulations systemic and pulmonary
left side is oxygenated by right side is deoxygenated
what are the two functional parts of the CVS
conducting - vasculature tubes ie arteries and veins
exchange system = capillary beds - link smallest arterioles to smallest venules - forms continuous exchange system between blood and ECF
which vessels enter the right atria
superior and inferior vena cava
which vessels enter the left atria
pulmonary veins from lungs and systemic circulation
what are the valves in the heart, aorta, pulmonary artery
right side is tricuspid valve (atrioventricular valve)
left side is bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
aorta / pulmonary artery - semi lunar valves
what is the heart surrounded by
inside a pericardial sac
what separates the left and right atria
intra-atrial septum - stops blood mixing
what do the pectinate muscles in the atria do (rough part)
stop over distention of the atria and helps pumping of blood into ventricles
what is the fossa ovalis
only present in the right atria
it is a remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covers the foramen oval during fetal development - used to bypass the lungs before the heart pumps and oxygenation can occur - oxygen comes from mother at this point
where does the coronary sinus drain in to
right atria from heart layers
what are the three tissues present inside the right ventricle that helps with contraction and prevents herniation of blood back into atria
trabeculae carnae which turn into papillary muscles which are attached to cordae tendinae (valve)
what are the there parts to the aorta
ascending
arch - H&N and UL
descending - trunk and LL
in the aortic arch which vessels emerge
carotid arteries which supply the head and neck
subclavian arteries which supply the upper limb
what does the brachiocephalic truck split into
right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
describe the coronary circulation
from ascending aorta there is a left and right coronary artery
supply oxygen to heart tissue and SAN/AVN
the left splits into the circum flex, marginal and anterior interventrciular
the right splits into the marginal arteries which feeds into the posterior interventricular artery
what would sudden blockage lead to in the coronary arteries
inadequate blood supply - ischaemia which can leads to myocardial infarction and necrosis
how can you fix blockage in coronary artery
use a bypass to skip the block and reestablish blood supply
what are the three types of vessels that come out of the descending aorta
Ventral - unpaired arteries to GIT such as coeliac trunk (in front of the aorta)
Paired - usually lateral to descending aorta such as to paired organs ie kidneys and gonads
Paired segmental to the body wall such as intercostal arteries
what is coarctation of the aorta
abnormal narrowing (stenosis) which leads to collateral circulation
during stenosis of the aorta which is the common pathway to resolve this
aorta narrowing
more pressure and more blood through subclavian artery which feed into anterior intercostal arteries
these anastomose with posterior intercostal arteries which emerge form the aorta and then travel back down to the lower limb
which vertebrae do these structures pass through the diaphragm
oesophagus
aortic hiatus
inferior vena cava
T10
T12
T8
which pairs of arteries supply the upper and lower limb
upper limb - subclavian
lower limb - external iliac
what does the subclavian artery turn into
subclavian - axillary - brachial
what does the brachial artery split into
radial and ulnar artery
what does the external iliac artery turn into
external iliac - femoral artery - posterior tibial artery - anterior tibial artery
why are lower limb veins clinically important
superficial veins allow for coronary bypass
can have DVT
which veins feed into the superior vena cava
subclavian vein and brachiocephalic vein
which veins feed into the inferior vena cava
deep veins accompanying arteries - short saphenous vein - long saphenous vein - femoral - common iliac
what is the anatomy and role of deep veins
they surround and accompany arteries usually in doubles or triples ie radial artery surrounded by radial veins
also help maintain core body temp as countercurrent heat exchanger
what is the process of lymphatic drainage from lymphatic plexie to venous system
lymphatic plexus amongst capillaries lymphatic vessels alongside arteries lymph nodes thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct venous system
what is the role of the lymphatic system
thin wall tubes that transport interstitial fluid, bacteria, cellular debris and while cells (lymphocytes)
what is the association between lymph and spread of carcinomas
patterns of lymph flow are important to detect or track back primary tumour
