Renal Test Flashcards
In health how long are the kidneys in adults
10-12 cm
what are some symptoms of nephrotic syndrome
oedema
hypoalbuminaemia
proteinuria
what is the first line investigation for urinary obstruction
ultrasound
what is an example of a molecule that cannot pass through as filtrate in the nephron
albumin
where does furosemide act in the nephron
on the thick ascending loop of Henley
acts on Nak 2Cl pumps
which drug induces hyperkalaemia by antagonising aldosterone
spironolactone inhibits reabsorption of Na in exchange for K in DCT
what causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
resistance to ADH in the collecting duct
how does vit D affect calcium
activated D3 increases the amount of Ca absorption from the gut
what is the most common cause of AKI
sepsis
which drugs should not be used if a patient is acutely ill and at risk of AKI
flucloxacillin, metronidazole
paracetamol
what does a grossly elevated creatinine kinase indicate in the setting of aki
rhabdomylosis - breakdown of muscle
what is the main constituent of hartmans solution and what patients should avoid its use
hartmanss 5 mmol/l
potassium
avoided in patients at risk to hyperkalaemia
what interventions are there for hyperkalaemia
calcium chloride stabilises the myocardium
nebuliser salbutamol and IV insulin with dextrose activate the Ka K atpase to cause intracellular shift in K
what are some examples of upper airways obstruction sounds vs lower airway obstruction sounds
upper - stridor
choking
snoring
lower - wheeze
what is common feature of septic shock
high lactate
