Test 5 Clinical Applications Flashcards
stem cells taken from umbilical cord, frozen, can be used later to reconstitute the hematopoietic system in case of leukemia, chemo, or other disorder
Core blood banking:
Genetic screening of neonate:
- Blood taken at what age from where:
- Tests performed on blood test for:
- Blood taken at what age from where: heel at 24 hours of age - Tests performed on blood test for: Phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, lysosomal storage diseases, hypothyroidism, and sickle cell anemia. 20 - >30 tests performed
How can a immediate hypersensitivity reaction be treated?
With antihistamines (counteract mast cell release) glucocorticoids or adrenaline (if it is very severe)
Tracheotomy:
- Define:
- Reason to make one:
- Define:
surgical procedure, cut a whole in the trachea - Reason:
Allows intubation and breathing with a mechanical respirator
Sometimes they are performed just to let the person breath out of them
A hole in the trachea (usually made by a tracheotomy
Tracheostomy:
A collapse of the lung, due to air entering the pleural space is called:
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Spontaneous Pneumothorax:
- causes:
- causes: anything which causes loss of transpulmonary pressure Puncture Cystic fibrosis lung blister rupture. Open wound
Tension pneumothorax:
A build up of air within the pleural space. Can be caused by an open chest wound.
A pneumothorax is usually restricted to one side or the other because:
Each lung is in its own pleura
Inadequate levels of surfactant babies born early is a disease known as:
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome:
septic shock -> Inflammation -> increased capillary/alveolar permeability -> protein rich fluid within lung -> decreased compliance and surfactant production -> alveolar collapse
Cigarette smoking and FEV:
It causes FEV to decrease in individual with obstructive lung disorders faster then it should.
It also causes increased FEV reduction with age.
Asthma medication categories:
Quick acting beta 2 agonists (albuterol)
Long acting beta 2 agonists (effect lasts more than 12 hours)
Glucorticoid
Leukotrin receptor antagonists
a Leukotrin receptor antagonists used for treating asthma:
Montelukast (pill form!)
- Long term treatment
- Anemia:
- Polycythemia
- Effect on oxygen carrying capacity?
- Anemia: Low RBC - Polycythemia High RBC - Effect on oxygen carrying capacity? Think about it
Red blood cell production is promoted by:
Erythropoietin
Androgens
Hyberbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBot):
- Define:
- Treats:
- Define: 100% oxygen at 2-3 atmospheres of O2 - Treats: Decompression sickness (pressure decreases nitrogen bubble size) Carbon monoxide poisoning Gas gangrene (kill anaerobic bacteria)
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy capitalizes on which gas law?
P(1)V(1) = P(2)V(2)
Raising the pressure decreases the volume of air emboli
Ondine’s curse:
- Is also called:
- Is caused by:
- Is also called:
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome - Is caused by:
A defective gene which influences the retrotrapezoid nucleus in the medulla oblongata (which senses CO2)
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome:
- Symptoms:
- Symptoms:
Sleep apnea, sometimes fatal, but normal regulation of breathing when awake (because it is monitored in a different zone).