Test 4 Articles Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid storm:

  • Define:
  • Symptoms:
A
  • Define:
    A condition, usually seen in those with hyperthyroid syndrome. Usually triggered by some stressor. There is, surprisingly, often not elevated levels of thyroid hormone above what would normally be seen in hyperthyroidism.
  • Symptoms:
    High metabolism: burn body mass, shaking, fever, elevated heart rate
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2
Q

Treatment for thyroid storm:

A

Target all individual organs effected:
- beta blockers to slow heart
- thionamides to block hormone synthesis from thyroid gland
- Steroids to block conversion of T4 -> T3
REMOVE THE THYROID GLAND!

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3
Q

After removal of thyroid gland in treatment of thyroid storm, how do you give the body necessary thyroid hormone?

A

A once a day pill containing T4 or T3

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4
Q

A woman came in with milky urine, what was found growing in it?
What was used to treat this?
What metabolite was found in the urine?

A

E. Coli
Sulfa drug
Lipids (which is highly abnormal)

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5
Q

Lipids in the urine indicated what?

A

Presence of lymphatic fluid in the urine

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6
Q

Chyluria:

- Define:

A

Milky urine laced with lipid rich lymphatic fluid. Represents a fistula between lymphatic vessels and the kidney

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7
Q

Fistula:

A

Abnormal connection between to hollow spaces

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8
Q

Name three other possible causes of chyluria:

A

Kidney cancer
Tuberculosis
Toxic insult

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9
Q

What is the name of the parasite which most often causes chyluria?

A

wuchereria bancrofti

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10
Q

How does wuchereria bancrofti cause chyluria?

What other condition can it cause related to the lymphatic system?

A

It blocks lymphatic vessels

Elephantiasis

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11
Q

Angina:

A

Severe pain in chest caused by inadequate oxygen to heart.

Often expressed by levine’s sign.

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12
Q

levine’s sign:

A

clenched fist held over the chest to describe ischemic chest pain.

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13
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD):

- Risk factors:

A

Abnormal hardening of the arteries leading to heart, ischemia results.
- Risk factors:
Diabetes, inherited metabolic disorders, kidney failure or hypertension.

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14
Q

What can mimic the pain of a heart attack?

A

Esophageal spasm or acid reflux

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15
Q

Coronary angiogram:

A

Capillary tube inserted near heart, dye released, x-ray to confirm blood flow.

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16
Q

Sudden severe spasm of the coronary artery, causes obstruction of blood flow.
- Cause:
Related to capillary cell or nerve dysfunction
Often unprovoked
Smoking
Hyperventilation

A

Prinzmetal’s angina:

  • Define
  • Cause:
17
Q

Prinzmetal’s angina:

- Treatment:

A
  • Treatment:
    Ca2+ blockers
    Lifestyle (weight loss, quite smoking)
18
Q

ABC for cardiac arrest:

A

Airway
Breathing
Compressions

19
Q

Telephone booth syncope:

  • Define:
  • Cause in article:
A
  • Define:
    Low blood pressure, patient passes out, kept a position, like an airplane seat, where they cannot lay flat to restore blood flow to brain. Cardiac arrest.
  • Cause in article:
    Blood pressure medications to lower BP, caused low blood pressure initially
20
Q

Preclampsia:

  • Symptoms:
  • Cause:
  • Bright side/down side:
A
- Symptoms:
Hypertension
Protein in urine
- Cause:
Elevated levels of fetal cells in mother's circulation. Exposure to fetal cells and DNA.
- Bright side/down side:
Decreased chance of breast cancer
Increased chance of cardiovascular disease later in life
21
Q

What can chest pain often masquerade as?

A

Abdominal pain.

22
Q

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy:

  • Also known as:
  • Define:
  • Cause:
A
  • Also known as:
    Broken heart syndrome
  • Define:
    Left ventricle expands into a type of balloon (looks like octopus trap)
  • Cause:
    Stress -> high adrenaline -> disrupted function of heart cells -> ballooning of left ventricle
23
Q

Hypertension redefined from:

A

> 140 systolic -> >130 systolic

>90 diastolic -> >80 diastolic

24
Q

Prehypertension redefined from:

A

120 - 139 to 120 - 129 systolic

<80 diastolic

25
Q

What organization changed hypertension suggestions?

Why?

A

American Heart Association

People with 130 - 139 systolic were twice as likely to get heart attack or stroke then normal individuals

26
Q

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy:

- Prognosis:

A
  • Prognosis:

Similar to that of heart attack. Longterm health problems, tire more easily, scar tissue in heart