Test 4 Study Guide Part 7 Flashcards
Coreceptors:
- Helper T-cells have which coreceptor?
- How does this effect them?
- Cytotoxic T-cells have which coreceptor?
- How does this effect them?
- Helper T-cells have which coreceptor?
CD4 - How does this effect them?
can only be activated by MHC-2 presenting cells - Cytotoxic T-cells have which coreceptor?
CD8 - How does this effect them?
Can only kill MHC-1 antigen presenting cells
What happens after T Helper cell activation by binding with a MH2?
- What molecule effects cytotoxic t-cells?
Turn into effective Th1, Th2 or other specialties.
B-cell differentiation into plasma cell
cytotoxic T-cell proliferation
- What molecule effects cytotoxic t-cells?
(interleukin-2)
FAS:
- Stands for?
- FASL and FAS?
- Where will FASL be found?
- Stands for?
First Apoptosis Signal - FASL and FAS?
FAS receptor on T-cells, FAS ligand activates FAS and causes apoptosis - Where will FASL be found?
In a few days into infection T - cells make FASL to kill themselves
Immune privileged sites (Eye, testes)
Mechanisms to defend the testes:
Sertoli cells have tight gap junctions.
Sertoli cells produce FASL
Mechanisms to defend the anterior chamber of the eye:
Coating of interior of the eye with FasL
Secretion of different cytokines which inhibit inflammation
How do tumor cells use FasL?
Not all but some produce it to protect them from the immune cells by triggering apoptosis of lymphocytes
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease:
- other name?
- Cause of disorder:
- Define:
- other name?
Bubble boy disease - Cause of disorder:
inherited, WBC stem cells lack adenosine deaminase - Define:
Lack antibody-mediated and cell-mediated immunity
Adenosine deamanise is involved in what condition?
A lack of this causes Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease
Treatment for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease:
Gene therapy with retrovirus.
- many developed leukemia
Infection with one disease protects from another closely related one
Cross reactive immunity:
Edward Jenner and cow pox (vaccinia) vaccine:
Milk maid exposed to cowpox -> immunity to small pox
Edward Jenner and cow pox (vaccinia) vaccine:
Milk maid exposed to cowpox -> immunity to small pox
Innoculate orphan with vaccinia (cow pox) -> infect small pox -> protected orphan
Louis Pasteur anthrax vaccine:
Heated anthrax -> lost virulence (attenuated), antigenicity maintained -> inoculated sheep -> they survived
Four types of adaptive immunity:
Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity:
Get infected and recover
Naturally acquired passive immunity:
Placenta: IgG transfer into plasma
Breast Feeding: IgA and some IgG into gastrointestinal tract (does not enter circulation from GI tract!)
Artificially acquired active immunity:
Vaccination
Artificially acquired passive immunity:
Gamma globulin shots (IgG injection)
Intravenous immunoglobulin
Antiserum/antitoxin (target and neutralize a toxin)
Antivenom shots (antitoxin)
RhoGam (Rh system, antibodies against big D antigen)
Response time:
- Primary response:
- Secondary response:
- Primary response:
5 - 10 days - Secondary response:
~ 2 hours
Secondary response is dependent on what?
Memory B cells
Memory T cells (lesser extent?)
NOT CAUSED BY RESIDUAL ANTIBODIES, exists without them