Test 3 repro revealed Flashcards
What do fimbriae do? Why are they called fimbriea?
Fimbriae act as a catcher’s mit to catch the egg.
Fimbriae means fringe
What are the three layers of the uterus called?
Perimetrium:
Myometrium:
Endometrium:
Metruim meaning:
of or relating to the uterus
What are the three layers of the uterus called?
Perimetrium:
Myometrium: muscles for contraction
Endometrium: A portion of this sluffs off during periods
Two layers of the endometrium:
stratum functionale:
stratum basale:
What is the problem with old ovas in females?
They have an increased chance of down syndrome developing (especially after age 40)
At what point does oogenesis pause in early fetal development?
During meiosis one (prophase 1)
These are called primary oocytes
Primary follicles encapsulate what?
Primary oocytes
It is very well name
Are new primary follicles generated?
Its possible. It’s controversial in the literature
What marks the transition of a primary follicle to a secondary follicle?
LH stimulates a proliferation of the granulosa cells.
Vesicles form around the oocyte
What marks the transition from a secondary follicle to a mature follicle?
What is another name for a mature follicle?
The vesicles of the secondary oocyte merge in order to form an antrum.
Graafian follicle.
Explain when the meiotic divisions of oocytes occur:
The first division pauses at prophase one.
During follicular development it pauses again. This time in meiosis two. Meiosis one is completed and forms a polar body.
Fertilization is necessary for the divisions to continue.
Name two structures the granulosa cells form and their functions:
Cumulus oophorus:
- surrounds oocytes in the antrum of the follicle. Anchors the oocyte to the granulosa cells of the follicle
Corona Radiata:
- Innermost layer of the cumulus oophurus
What forms the zona pellucida:
Proteins and polysaccharides
What are the theca cells?
The theca cells make up the outermost layer of the follicle
What is analogous to leydig cells in the female?
The theca cells are analogous to the leydig cells. The theca cells produce testosterone in response to LH.
If the theca cells produce testosterone where does estradiol come from?
Estradiol is produced by aromatase in the granulosa cells.
Tresia:
Perforation
Follicle Atresia:
- What is it:
- Why does it occur?
Degradation of all follicles except for the first (which matures into a graffian follicle) lack of perforation (the follicle does not rupture).
Gonadotropins (FSH and LH), as well as various paracrine regulators and estrogen act to protect the follicles from atresia.
Paracrine regulators that include androgens and FAS ligand promote atresia of follicles. (FAS promotes apoptosis)
Oocyte release from the ovarian follicles:
- What layers surround the oocyte?
- What is the stage of oocyte released?
- What cavity is the oocyte released in?
- What layers surround the oocyte? Outer: corona radiata (radiant crown) Inner: zona pellucida - What is the stage of oocyte released? Secondary oocyte - What cavity is the oocyte released in? Peritoneal cavity
What happens post release of the oocyte?
If it is not fertilized it will degrade a few days (maybe just one!)
If fertilized, it will finish meiosis two and release another polar body.
What happens to the follicle which released the oocyte?
It becomes the corpus luteum [yellow body] (secretes estradiol and progesterone).
It will later become non functional corpus albicans if the egg is not fertilized