Test 1 Study Guide Part 5 Flashcards
Central sulcus separates:
Parietal and frontal lobe
Precentral Gyrus:
Motor control (upper motor neurons) Which the frontal lobe is in charge of
Postcentral Gyrus:
Sensory (somatosensory) in the temporal lobe which is in charge of somatosensory
Name all voltage gated Na+ channel blockers (which effect Action potentials):
Lidocaine
Cocaine
Saxitoxin
Tetrodotoxin
Broca’s area:
Broca area is the motor speech area
Broca and motor have the same number of letters, since it is motor it is in the frontal cortex
- Frontal lobe
- Left side
Wernicke’s area:
Sensory interpretive area,
this spans temporal and parietal lobes, which all have a sensory emphasis. Also found in the left hemisphere
In terms of sensory and motor neural emphasis is on which regions:
Face and hands
Mirror neurons:
- Origin:
- Regions they are interconnected with:
- Possible implication of their failure:
- Origin:
Nerves of the parietal and frontal cortex - Regions they are interconnected with:
insula - Possible implication of their failure:
Lack of empathy (and learning?) in autism spectral disorder
EEC readings: Alpha: Beta: Theta: Delta:
Alpha: Associated with relaxed awake adults, eyes closed. Parietal -> occipital
Beta: Frontal lobe. Associated with visual stimuli and mental activity
Theta: common in sleeping adults or awoken children
Emitted from Temporal and occipital lobes. If seen in awake adults it is indicative of emotional stress and a severe nervous breakdown
Delta: Cerebral cortex as a whole, common during adult sleep and for awake infants. Delta waves in an awake adult indicate brain damage (dumb, delta, disorder, damage)
Neurotransmitters which promote wakefulness:
Histamine
Neurotransmitters which promote sleep:
GABA and adenosine
What wave pattern is indicative of REM sleep?
Theta waves
How long is a sleep cycle?
90 Minutes
Which phase of sleep do you normally wake from?
REM (Phase 1)
What is slow wave sleep?
Phase 3 and 4 sleep, characteristic of delta waves
Order the following three in terms of neural activity during the phases:
- REM
- Non-REM
- Waking
- REM
- Waking
- Non-REM
What is characteristic of REM sleep?
Dreams Theta waves Rapid eye movement Higher brain metabolism then waking Limbic system is activated (evolved in emotion) a part of it the amygdala helps to mediate anxiety and fear
What is characteristic of Non-REM sleep?
Lower metabolism
Slow wave sleep: delta in three and four phase
regular heart rate
Memory consolidation
Basal Nuclei/Ganglia:
- Gray or white matter:
- Predominant function:
- Most predominant structure:
Gray (a nuclei is composed of somas, which are not myelinated)
Motor function
Corpus striatum
Corpus Striatum:
- Is composed of several masses of nuclei named:
Caudate nucleus (upper mass) Putamen (Lower mass = lentiform nucleus) Globus Pallidus (Lower mass = lentiform nucleus) Latin for pale globe