Test 3 Articles Flashcards
Hydromorphine (dilaudid):
10x more potent then morphine
Porphyria:
- Define:
- Other than anemia, what is the other issue with porphyria:
- Define:
A family name for diseases of faulty heme production. - Other than anemia, what is the other issue with porphyria:
There is a build up of toxic intermediates with porphyria. Depending on which of the eight enzymes is malfunctioning the toxic intermediate will cause different issues.
Acute Porphyria:
- Number of types:
- What makes them acute?
- Most Common type:
- Number of types: 4 types of acute - What makes them acute? Toxic intermediates cause damage to nerves in all areas of the body - Most Common type: Acute Intermittent Porphyria
How is porphyria treated?
You give hemen.
Hemen is the end product of the of the pathway porphyria disrupts. The end product causes the pathway to stop production, allowing for destruction of toxic intermediates.
Basophilic stippling:
- What is it?
- What is it indicative of?
- Causes?
- What is it?
patients RBCs contain bluish-purple staining granules (a form of nucleic acid protein) - What is it indicative of?
Toxic insult to the bone marrow - Causes:
LEAD POISONING! Also: certain drugs, severe bacterial infection, and alcoholism.
A patient had seizures associated with lead poisoning.
- Why is lead toxic?
- What is the treatment?
- Why is lead toxic? Body mistakes lead for Calcium (nerves are particularly damaged) - What is the treatment? Chelation therapy Diet rich in green veggies also helps
What is the most frequent cause of lead poisoning?
How does it effect IQ?
What has happened to the accepted threshold of lead poisoning.
Paint chips in old homes
Lowers it.
10 ug/dL -> 5 ug/dL
Prednisone:
- What other factor can prednisone effect?
Steroid that suppresses the immune system
How does birth control relate to thrombus formation?
Female hormones have been correlated with increased clotting factor and decreased inhibition of clotting
They give 4x the risk of clot formation
What is the name for a thrombus within the leg?
A deep vein thromboses (DVT)
Factors which increase the likelihood of a DVT?
Flying (anytime you sit for a long time)
Age
Contraceptives (at least oral)
Factor V Leiden (X linked recessive)
What makes DVTs dangerous?
They can break off pieces which cause a pulmonary embolism.
What is the treatment for a DVT?
Heparin (which activates antithrombin III, which in turn decreases fibronogen -> fibrin by inactivating factor X and the glycoproteins namesake, factor II (thrombin)
Purpura and thrombocytopenia are both symptoms of what?
Thrombocytopenia.
Possible DIT disseminated intravascular thrombosis
What is a possible treatment for thrombocytopenia?
Removal of spleen
Transfer of new thrombocytes