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AO Study Program Carlos Cativo > TB 008 - Electrical Hazards at Fires > Flashcards

TB 008 - Electrical Hazards at Fires Flashcards

1
Q

According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), electrical accidents in the United States account for over ____ deaths a year and OSHA statistics indicate that electrocution accounts for 12% of worker deaths annually

A

700

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2
Q

NIOSH statistics also document that over the last 20 years, electrocutions to first responders have resulted in more than ___ deaths in the fire service.

A

25

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3
Q

The Los Angeles Fire Department (LAFD) resources respond to over _____ electrocutions, wires down, and other electrical emergencies annually

A

3000

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4
Q

• ______ - Current flow, or electron flow, is what flows on a wire or conductor like water flowing down a river

A

AMPS

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5
Q

• _______ - Electrical pressure is measured in volts, while the comparable term in water hydraulics would be pounds per square inch (psi).

A

VOLTS

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6
Q

• KILOVOLTS- The measure of _____ volts

A

1000

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7
Q

• ______ - The resistance to a flow of water through a hose would be termed friction loss and would be measured in pounds per square inch.

A

OHMS

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8
Q

Watts = amps x volts & VICE VERSA

A

.

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9
Q

• Extremely high voltage: voltages in excess of ________ volts

A

60,000

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10
Q

• High voltage: voltage from ____ volts up to ________ volts

A

600
59,999

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11
Q

In the LADWP system the primary distribution lines are usually ____kv.

A

4.8

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12
Q

• Low Voltage: Usually below ____ volts

A

600

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13
Q

Conductor = ______

A

Hose

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14
Q

Current = ______

A

Water

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15
Q

Voltage = __________

A

Pressure

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16
Q

Amperes = ______

A

GPM

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17
Q

Ohms = _____________

A

Friction Loss

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18
Q

Getting electricity to the consumer can be broken down into __ systems

A

3

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19
Q

Getting electricity to the consumer can be broken down into three systems:
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________

A
  1. Generation
  2. Transmission
  3. Distribution
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20
Q

The LADWP system is comprised of over ________ transformers, over ________ poles and 1000’s of substructures and switches installed over the last 70 years.

A

50,000
250,000

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21
Q

The _____________________ is where the electrical energy transformation process originates and where a complete circuit starts

A

power generation plant

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22
Q

Generation facilities generate electricity between ______ and ________ volts

A

4000
20,000

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23
Q

Voltages on transmission lines range from ___kv to over ______kv

A

69
1000

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24
Q

Most of the transmission lines coming into Los Angeles are ____kv, but many lines are higher than that

A

230

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25
Q

All voltages above ___kv are referred to as transmission voltages

A

69

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26
Q

Strings of insulators on transmission towers can range from __ to ___ feet long depending on the voltage they are trying to hold back from contacting the towers that support them

A

3 to 20

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27
Q

Receiving Station – The LADWP has ___ receiving stations

A

21

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28
Q

Receiving Station – receive the electricity at transmission voltages (____kv to ____kv) and step the voltage down to _____kv, which is referred to as sub-transmission

A

138kv to 500kv
34.5kv

29
Q

There are over 150 distribution stations where the electricity is received at 34.5kv and stepped down to ____ kv. Known as the primary circuit voltage

A

4.8

30
Q

High-voltage capacitors have been known to retain a deadly electrical charge even ___________ power has been removed from the circuit

A

Weeksafter

31
Q

Overhead Transformers - They are installed on the 4.8kv circuits to step the voltage down to ____/____volts for most residential consumers

A

120/240

32
Q

Underground lines can be found in conduits or ducts and are identified by warning signs labeled ___ (underground). Electrical distribution lines placed directly in the ground are designated direct buried ___

A

UG
DB

33
Q

Insulator – They are most commonly made of _______ or __________

A

Glass
Porcelain

34
Q

Service Connection – The wires that connect the customer or home to the secondary transformer, Many commercial and industrial installations have service conductors of ________ volts

A

34,500

35
Q

The most effective methods of identifying different voltages are:
1. High voltage signs on the ______ ______.
2. The size and shape of ___________
3. The distance between ____________

A

Cross Arm
Insulator
Conductors

36
Q

_____ of an amp of electricity going through the body for just __ seconds is enough to cause death

A

1/10
2

37
Q

The amount of internal current a person can withstand and still be able to control the muscles of the arm and hand can be less than ___ milliamps (mA). Currents above ___ mA can paralyze or “freeze” muscles

A

10
10

38
Q

People have stopped breathing when shocked with currents from voltages as low as ___ volts

A

49

39
Q

Usually, it takes about ___ mA of current to cause respiratory paralysis.

A

30

40
Q

Currents greater than ___ mA may cause ventricular fibrillation

A

75

41
Q

For every minute that defibrillation is delayed, the patient sustains a ___% reduction in their chances for survival

A

10

42
Q

Heart paralysis occurs at __ amps, which means the heart does not pump at all. Tissue is burned with currents greater than __ amps

A

4
5

43
Q

At 600 volts, the current through the body may be as great as __ amps, causing damage to internal organs such as the heart

A

4

44
Q

Dry skin may have a resistance of _________ ohms or more. Wet skin may have a resistance of only _______ ohms

A

100,000
1,000

45
Q

Cutting Wires Utilizing LAFD Equipment - The cutting of wires by firefighters must be confined to _____________ wires

A

Low-Voltage

46
Q

__________ __________: Is a decreasing current created when a energized wire is in contact with the earth

A

Voltage Gradient

47
Q

_______ ___________: Occurs by contacting a live or energized source

A

Touch Potential

48
Q

______ ___________: Occurs when responders or victims create a circuit with their feet as they walk over or across a voltage gradient created by an electrical source, such as a downed wire

A

Step potential

49
Q

For voltages of 600 or more, Cal/OSHA and NFPA standards require that aerial ladders be operated at a minimum clearance of (___) feet of power lines and electrical devices

A

10

50
Q

Department members shall not work in violation of the 10-foot rule unless participating in an actual rescue attempt, and in those instances the Apparatus Operator shall remain at the __________ to provide for personnel safety and ensure safe operation of the aerial if required

A

Pedestal

51
Q

Even overhead communication cable normally found on the lowest level of a power pole can be energized with up to ___ volts

A

50

52
Q

Spot apparatus and have responding personnel maintain at least one span (the distance between __ poles) from the affected wire or pole

A

2

53
Q

Streetlights can be fed from conductors carrying _____-_____ volts or more

A

120-6150

54
Q

Where possible, extinguish small electrical fires with ______________ or _______ extinguishers

A

Dry Chem
CO2

55
Q

Utilize the ___/___/____ Rule for using hose streams around high voltage

A

30/33’/100 psi

56
Q

The LADWP also recommends not approaching a high-voltage source closer than ______ body length, so that a fall forward would not cause direct body contact

A

Ones

57
Q

The clearly identified method to assure that fire personnel and other responders do not enter Life Hazard Zones includes the use of a minimum of (__) horizontal strands of barrier tape that state “Do Not Enter” or “Do Not Cross” between __ inch and __ inches

A

3
1 & 3

58
Q

Occupants trapped in a vehicle - vehicle should be driven clear of the wires by at least ___ feet

A

35

59
Q

There are two methods that can be used from removing oneself from an energized vehicle:
• Jump or leap from the vehicle without touching it, keeping both feet together and taking small _____ from the car.
• Jump from the vehicle without touching it and _________ the feet together

A

Hops
Shuffling

60
Q

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AT WILDLAND FIRES - With heavy smoke present, firefighters should be especially cognizant of remaining at least ____ feet from transmission lines and ___ feet from transmission towers

A

100
35

61
Q

VAULT/MANHOLE FIRES - The explosive range for carbon monoxide (co) is ____ to ___ percent

A

12.5
74

62
Q

Manhole covers often weigh ____ pounds and have been blown ___ feet into the air and a distance of ____ feet

A

300
75
125

63
Q

Do not cut __ or more triplex cables at the same time

A

2

64
Q

Look for, and note, if there is a _______ manhole, which indicates a transformer vault

A

Square

65
Q

Remember that the main fire hazard within electrical vaults lies in the cooling oil used in the transformers, which has a flash point below ____F

A

300

66
Q

UNDERGROUND/ABOVE GROUND VAULTS - High-voltage cables, up to ________ volts, may be located close to the floor inside a conduit containing ____-psi oil pressure

A

230,000
200

67
Q

There are two main components of the transmission system:
• ______
• _____________ ______

A

• Grids
• Transmission lines

68
Q

Cut the _________ conductor first. When cutting, do not touch another conductor or a ground. After cutters are in place, turn head to protect eyes from flash and sparks

A

Closest

69
Q

DO NOT CLIMB THE TOWER UNTIL ASSURED BY LADWP THAT IT IS SAFE. A charge of static electricity capable of jumping __ or __ inches may build up in a person’s body when climbing a tower

A

2
3

AO Study Program Carlos Cativo (154 decks)

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