Book 29 Ch 3 Smoke Removal Flashcards
VENTILATION METHODS: There are two basic methods, These are ________ and
____________ positive pressure ventilation
Natural
Mechanical
The current methods that are utilized to provide pressurized ventilation with portable blowers are __________ and __________ pressure ventilation
Negative
Positive
NEGATIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION - To ventilate the building, the door is opened and a blower is placed _________ the building to exhaust the contaminants
INSIDE
POSITIVE PRESSURE VENTILATION - To ventilate the building, the door is opened and a blower is positioned __________ the building
OUTSIDE
Compared to negative pressure ventilation, positive pressure ventilation is approximately ________ as effective at removing contaminants from a building
Twice
Blowers must be positioned so the cone of air issued from a blower will ____________ cover the entrance opening to eliminate contaminants being forced back through the “unsealed portions” of the entrance opening and being reintroduced into the pressurized building
Completely
Positive pressure is most efficient when the exhaust opening (heat hole, window, door, etc.) is between ____ to _____ the size of the entrance opening
3/4
1 3/4
If a gasoline powered blower is being utilized and an ________ odor is noticeable inside the building or area to be ventilated, this is an indicator that the exhaust opening is not large enough
Exhaust
If it is not possible to utilize the prevailing wind as an advantage, positive pressure has proven effective AGAINST winds (leeward to windward) of up to ___ mph; efficiency will be reduced accordingly
25
These two factors will regulate the distance between the blower and the entrance opening:
1. ______ of the opening
2. _____ of the blower
Size
CFM
Small blowers (18”) need to be moved ________ from entrance openings while larger blowers (24”) can be placed ________ to entrance openings to properly cover the opening with pressurized air
Back
Closer
In Series - For standard entrance openings ___________ effectiveness is achieved by placing two blowers in series (in-line) with each other
Maximum
When using two blowers in series, the second increases the front blower capacity by ___%
10
When using two blowers in series, place the ______ blower about __ feet back from the entrance opening and utilize the _______ blower behind that
Large
2
Smaller
If the area in front of an entrance opening is limited to __ feet or __ feet (i.e., raised porch), place the smaller blower in the entrance opening and the larger blower __ to __ feet back from the door
3 or 4
3 or 4
For large entrance openings, multiple blowers in a ________ configuration (Figure 7), should be utilized due to their combined ability to cover the larger opening with pressurized air
Parallel
Additionally, remember that removing screens on windows prior to using these openings for ventilation purposes will increase the efficiency of these openings by at least ___%
50
Buildings with multiple floors can be ventilated by systematically ventilating each floor. Start where there is the ______ heat and smoke
Most
Water powered blowers will produce considerably more _____ than the same size gasoline blowers
CFM
Water powered blowers should be considered for:
1. ______________
2. ______________
3. ______________
4. ______________
5. _______/_______
- Metro rail tunnels
- High rise buildings
- Large underground parking structures
- Very large commercial buildings
- Rest homes/Hospitals
Water powered blowers are ____________ safe and can be utilized at hazardous materials incidents
Intrinsically
Overhaul operations are conducted for the purpose of ensuring a fire is completely _____, determining the probable fire _______, and leaving the owner or insurance adjusters some means of determining the ______
Out
Cause
Loss
Depending on the type of fire, concentrations of carbon monoxide within the range of ____ parts-per-million (ppm) to _____ ppm are easily obtainable during overhaul operations
500
1200
To ____ ppm of carbon monoxide can be inhaled for __ hour without appreciable effects.
500
1
To ____ ppm of carbon monoxide inhaled for __ hour will cause some appreciable effects
700
1
To _____ ppm of carbon monoxide inhaled for __ hour is dangerous
1200
1
Concentrations of _____ ppm of carbon monoxide and over are fatal in less than __ hour
4000
1
Measurements during actual overhaul operations have indicated that positive pressure can easily reduce carbon monoxide concentrations of _____ ppm to approximately ____ ppm to ____ ppm
1000
130 to 220
A single 18” blower is adequate for an average (_____ square feet)
single family dwelling
2000
If any fire does begin to accelerate or spread, it can easily be controlled by:
- ____________ the fire.
- Turning the blower ___ degrees away from opening.
- Reducing the ____ of the blower.
- Increasing the __________ between the overhaul area and the blower.
-Shutting the blower off.
Extinguishing
90
RPM
Distance
Positive pressure should never be utilized in place of a ______
SCBA
For standard entrance openings, multiple blowers in a parallel (side-by-side) configuration are ______ effective than multiple blowers in a series configuration
Less
The building has an enclosed stair shaft that is common to each floor, and _______ ______ separating each floor from the stair shaft.
Ponet Door
They also pressurize air without carbon monoxide as a by-product and should be considered in rest homes, hospitals, and other types of structures where _____________ __________ should be considered
Respiratory Concerns
