Book 29 Ch 1 - Ventilation Techniques

Question 1

Ventilation is the “___________” removal of heat, smoke, and fire gases from a structure, and replacing it with cooler, clean, fresh _____

Answer 1

Systematic
Air

Question 2

Effective ventilation will accomplish __ main objectives.

Answer 2

4

Question 3

Effective ventilation will accomplish four main objectives:
1. ________ _______

Answer 3

1. Save lives

Question 4

Effective ventilation will accomplish four main objectives:
2. ____________________

Answer 4

2. Assist in firefighter access

Question 5

Effective ventilation will accomplish four main objectives:
3. ________________________________

Answer 5

3. Control the horizontal spread of fire.

Question 6

Effective ventilation will accomplish four main objectives:
4. ___________________________________

Answer 6

4. Reduce the possibility of flashover and backdraft.

Question 7

Proper ventilation will save lives by simplifying and expediting ________ operations

Answer 7

Rescue

Question 8

A properly placed ventilation hole aids in the removal of super-heated ________ and fire ________ from the building, which in turn permits firefighters to safely and more rapidly locate and extinguish the fire

Answer 8

Smoke
Gasses

Question 9

Ventilation will also reduce the chance of ________ burns to firefighters from their hose stream

Answer 9

Steam

Question 10

If the heat, smoke, and fire gases are not released, they will accumulate at the highest point of the structure and begin to bank down and spread laterally, a process generally known as _______________

Answer 10

MUSHROOMING

Question 11

_______ ventilation, when used in conjunction with an offensive ventilation hole (heat hole), can help stop the horizontal spread of fire

Answer 11

Strip

Question 12

__________ is a condition where all of the contents of a room are heated to their ignition temperature

Answer 12

Flashover

Question 13

Each year in the United States, there is an average of ____ deaths to firefighters in the fire service. On an average, ___ of those deaths are due to flashover, and the number is slowly rising each year

Answer 13

100
85

Question 14

___________ - In a confined area, if the structure’s contents reach their ignition temperature and there is not sufficient oxygen to support combustion, a very dangerous condition exists all that is needed is an air (oxygen) supply to explosively change the superheated area into an instant inferno

Answer 14

BACKDRAFT

Question 15

Backdraft is NOT limited to large commercial structures. Under the right conditions, any ____________ area can result in a backdraft

Answer 15

Confined

Question 16

___________ ventilation is the systematic removal of heat, smoke, and fire gases through wall openings such as doors and windows

Answer 16

Horizontal

Question 17

With horizontal ventilation, there are two methods usually performed, which are __________ and __________ pressure ventilation

Answer 17

Natural & Positive

Question 18

__________ ventilation is easily done by opening doors and windows and allowing the wind to ventilate the building

Answer 18

Natural

Question 19

__________ pressure ventilation is a method of forcing clean, fresh, pressurized air into a structure with blowers

Answer 19

Positive

Question 20

In order to properly and safely open a roof, you must have a good working knowledge of building ______________

Answer 20

Construction

Question 21

The key to safe and effective roof ventilation is the knowledge of rafter ______ and rafter _________

Answer 21

Type
Direction

Question 22

With older conventional construction, rafters are made from _______ pieces of lumber

Answer 22

Solid

Question 23

With conventional construction, if time and safety permits, the roof team “______” cut the heat hole directly over the fire

Answer 23

WILL

Question 24

When operating on a _____________ truss roof (or suspected _____________ truss), the ventilation team shall never conduct ventilation operations directly over the fire

Answer 24

Lightweight

Question 25

Rafter direction is important to know because we usually cut 1” x 4” and 1” x 6” sheathing ________ to rafters

Answer 25

Parallel

Question 26

On roofs sheathed with plywood, the “Head Cut” is made ____________ to rafters

Answer 26

Perpendicular

Question 27

There are basically only __ types of ventilation holes:

Answer 27

2

Question 28

There are basically only TWO (2) types of ventilation holes: 1. ______ ______ (Offensive)

Answer 28

1. Heat Hole (Offensive)

Question 29

There are basically only TWO (2) types of ventilation holes: 2. ______ __________ (Defensive)

Answer 29

2. Strip Ventilation (Defensive)

Question 30

When operating on any lightweight roof, or suspected lightweight roof (panelized or lightweight truss), the ventilation team shall never conduct ____________ operations directly over the fire

Answer 30

VENTILATION

Question 31

A strip ventilation hole should be placed well ahead of the fire, and the strip ventilation hole should extend the entire ________ of the building, creating a firebreak

Answer 31

Width

Question 32

The ______ hole must be accomplished first, which will slow down the horizontal spread of fire and allow the entire strip to be completed before the fire reaches the strip ventilation hole

Answer 32

Heat

Question 33

Center rafter cut is a technique used when cutting plywood sheathing (__ cuts)

Answer 33

4

Question 34

_________ is the material used to comprise the base and exterior covering for the roof

Answer 34

Decking

Question 35

Plywood sheathing is installed so that the 8’ dimension of the plywood ________ the rafters or joists and the 4’ dimension ________ the rafters or joists

Answer 35

Crosses Parallels

Question 36

________ is a technique used to cut 1” x 4” or 1” x 6” solid, spaced, or diagonally sheathed roofs, cuts are made parallel to rafters

Answer 36

Dicing

Question 37

__” clips are metal clips used to hold the butted ends of plywood together; common on pitched roofs

Answer 37

H

Question 38

A head cut is a cut made through the roof decking that is made ______________ to rafters

Answer 38

Perpendicular

Question 39

The “__” hook motion brings the pulling tool under and up to the decking in a smooth, forceful motion that will separate the decking materials from the rafters

Answer 39

J

Question 40

A _______ cut is a single cut made through the roof decking, the same width as the chain saw blade

Answer 40

Kerf

Question 41

Ground ladders should be thrown to the ____________ corners of the structure

Answer 41

Uninvolved

Question 42

For roof ventilation, a “MINIMUM” of __ ladders should be thrown to the involved structure

Answer 42

2

Question 43

Nailing blocks are usually made from a __” x __” laid _____ between rafters to provide a nailing surface for the edge of the plywood sheathing

Answer 43

2”x4” Flat

Question 44

Since the plywood normally used is 4’ x 8’ in size, a nailing block will usually be found every __ feet

Answer 44

4

Question 45

A ______ cut is a small triangular piece of roof covering (composition), which is removed from the roof to expose the roof sheathing and roof composition thickness.

Answer 45

Plug

Question 46

Under fire conditions, plywood burns at a quicker rate than solid wood sheathing and plywood ____________

Answer 46

Delaminates

Question 47

A ________ cut is a light cut of the roof covering, usually composition out, used to facilitate the removal of multiple layers of roofing material (composition).

Answer 47

Scores

Question 48

A ______ cut is a light cut made with the chain saw, cutting through the roof covering and plywood sheathing, but not deep enough to cut through the rafters

Answer 48

Skim

Question 49

Skylights - On commercial buildings, they will be placed over ____________ areas

Answer 49

Manufacturing

Question 50

A _______ __________ hole is a small triangular hole cut through the roof decking (sheathing and roofing material) made with the chain saw or an axe

Answer 50

Smoke Indicator

Question 51

Smoke indicator holes should be placed along the path of access or egress every few _______

Answer 51

Yards

Question 52

Smoke indicator holes can be placed on roofs of buildings attached to fire buildings to indicate interior ___________

Answer 52

Exposure

Question 53

Sounding utilizes a long-handled tool (____________/____________) used to hit the roof

Answer 53

Rubbish Hook/Pike Pole

Question 54

If ventilators are working correctly, leave them alone. A turbine-style ventilator is about ___% more effective when the turbine is spinning

Answer 54

30

Question 55

Strip ventilation is usually performed across the width of the roof, from ________ to ________

Answer 55

Parapet to parapet

Question 56

Vent pipes can be constructed from _____ plastic, _____ iron, or _____ pipe

Answer 56

ABS Cast Steel

Question 57

If vent pipes appear to be __________ out of the roof, this should be an indication that the roof has sagged or dropped. This condition is known as “__________ vent pipes.”

Answer 57

Growing Growing

Question 58

A ___-______ cut is a series of __ cuts used to identify rafter direction “ONLY.”

Answer 58

45-degree 2

Question 59

___-degree cut - When you hit a rafter, “_______.” Make a second cut ________ or ___________ to the exterior wall

Answer 59

45 STOP Parallel or Perpendicular

Question 60

45-degree inspection cut will tell you: 1. _____________ 2. _____________ 3. _____________ 4. _____________

Answer 60

1. Rafter Type 2. Rafter Direction 3. Thickness of your Comp 4. Act as Smoke Indicator Hole

Question 61

A 45-degree cut will ensure the saw will intersect a structural member. When the saw makes contact with a rafter, roll over the rafter and continue the cut for approximately __ to ___ inches

Answer 61

6 to 10

Question 62

Dicing has many advantages: The roof team can work simultaneously. After the chain saw operator makes the ___ cut, the puller can start pulling boards, and the chain saw operator can continue cutting the roof

Answer 62

3rd

Question 63

The length of the dice cut is determined by the ________ of the tool being used to pull the sheathing (pick-head axe, rubbish hook)

Answer 63

Reach

Question 64

The chain saw operator should be aware of rafter spacing; “Do Not” ______ two rafters

Answer 64

Span

Question 65

Always leave a minimum of __ un-pulled section between the cutter and the puller

Answer 65

1

Question 66

CENTER RAFTER LOUVER - you must determine the location of __ rafters

Answer 66

3

Question 67

CENTER RAFTER LOUVER - Move back to the first “outside” rafter and cut a parallel cut approximately __ to __ inches inside the rafter

Answer 67

2 to 3

Question 68

EXPANDED CENTER RAFTER LOUVER AGAINST CONSTRUCTION: Make parallel cut (side cut) approximately ____ feet long

Answer 68

3-½

Question 69

Cut __ to __ inches inside of the purlins to avoid hitting metal hangers

Answer 69

4 to 6

Question 70

LOUVER OFF A LAM-BEAM / MAIN BEAM is a ____________ cut

Answer 70

DEFENSIVE

Question 71

PULL BACK METHOD is a _____________ cut

Answer 71

Offensive

Question 72

While standing on a lam-beam, reach out approximately ____ feet, and make first cut parallel to rafters from purlin to purlin

Answer 72

3-½

Question 73

LOUVER OFF A LAM-BEAM / MAIN BEAM - Because of work area limitations (standing on a lam-beam), cutter and puller exchange _______

Answer 73

Tools

Question 74

LOUVER OFF A PURLIN is a ____________cut

Answer 74

DEFENSIVE

Question 75

While standing on a purlin, start “______ cut.” Reach out as far as you comfortably can, approximately ____ feet

Answer 75

Skim 3-½

Question 76

CENTER RAFTER LOUVER - When you are over the ventilation area, make a head cut to locate a minimum of __ rafters.

Answer 76

3

Question 77

Proper ventilation will save lives by?

Answer 77

simplifying and expediting rescue operations

Question 78

Ventilation does NOT put out fires. However, e ffective ventilation _______________ assists in the attack, control, and extinguishment of a structure fire.

Answer 78

DRAMATICALLY

Question 79

In order to safely and effectively cut a roof, you must know?

Answer 79

How its built

Question 80

________ ________provides the largest hole possible with the minimum amount of cuts

Answer 80

Center Rafter

Question 81

Dicing is a technique used to cut 1” x 4” or 1” x 6” solid, spaced, or _____________ sheathed roofs. Dice cuts are made parallel to rafters with no concern to locating rafters

Answer 81

Diagonally

Question 82

The integrity of ______ & ______ must be evaluated for safe operations.

Answer 82

Roof Floors

Question 83

Smoke indicator shall be place how far apart?

Answer 83

Few yards