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AO Study Program Carlos Cativo > Book 29 Ch 1 - Ventilation Techniques > Flashcards

Book 29 Ch 1 - Ventilation Techniques Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation is the “___________” removal of heat, smoke, and fire gases from a structure, and replacing it with cooler, clean, fresh _____

A

Systematic
Air

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2
Q

Effective ventilation will accomplish __ main objectives.

A

4

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3
Q

Effective ventilation will accomplish four main objectives:
1. ________ _______

A
  1. Save lives
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4
Q

Effective ventilation will accomplish four main objectives:
2. ____________________

A
  1. Assist in firefighter access
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5
Q

Effective ventilation will accomplish four main objectives:
3. ________________________________

A
  1. Control the horizontal spread of fire.
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6
Q

Effective ventilation will accomplish four main objectives:
4. ___________________________________

A
  1. Reduce the possibility of flashover and backdraft.
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7
Q

Proper ventilation will save lives by simplifying and expediting ________ operations

A

Rescue

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8
Q

A properly placed ventilation hole aids in the removal of super-heated ________ and fire ________ from the building, which in turn permits firefighters to safely and more rapidly locate and extinguish the fire

A

Smoke
Gasses

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9
Q

Ventilation will also reduce the chance of ________ burns to firefighters from their hose stream

A

Steam

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10
Q

If the heat, smoke, and fire gases are not released, they will accumulate at the highest point of the structure and begin to bank down and spread laterally, a process generally known as _______________

A

MUSHROOMING

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11
Q

_______ ventilation, when used in conjunction with an offensive ventilation hole (heat hole), can help stop the horizontal spread of fire

A

Strip

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12
Q

__________ is a condition where all of the contents of a room are heated to their ignition temperature

A

Flashover

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13
Q

Each year in the United States, there is an average of ____ deaths to firefighters in the fire service. On an average, ___ of those deaths are due to flashover, and the number is slowly rising each year

A

100
85

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14
Q

___________ - In a confined area, if the structure’s contents reach their ignition temperature and there is not sufficient oxygen to support combustion, a very dangerous condition exists all that is needed is an air (oxygen) supply to explosively change the superheated area into an instant inferno

A

BACKDRAFT

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15
Q

Backdraft is NOT limited to large commercial structures. Under the right conditions, any ____________ area can result in a backdraft

A

Confined

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16
Q

___________ ventilation is the systematic removal of heat, smoke, and fire gases through wall openings such as doors and windows

A

Horizontal

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17
Q

With horizontal ventilation, there are two methods usually performed, which are __________ and __________ pressure ventilation

A

Natural & Positive

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18
Q

__________ ventilation is easily done by opening doors and windows and allowing the wind to ventilate the building

A

Natural

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19
Q

__________ pressure ventilation is a method of forcing clean, fresh, pressurized air into a structure with blowers

A

Positive

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20
Q

In order to properly and safely open a roof, you must have a good working knowledge of building ______________

A

Construction

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21
Q

The key to safe and effective roof ventilation is the knowledge of rafter ______ and rafter _________

A

Type
Direction

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22
Q

With older conventional construction, rafters are made from _______ pieces of lumber

A

Solid

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23
Q

With conventional construction, if time and safety permits, the roof team “______” cut the heat hole directly over the fire

A

WILL

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24
Q

When operating on a _____________ truss roof (or suspected _____________ truss), the ventilation team shall never conduct ventilation operations directly over the fire

A

Lightweight

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25
Q

Rafter direction is important to know because we usually cut 1” x 4” and 1” x 6” sheathing ________ to rafters

A

Parallel

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26
Q

On roofs sheathed with plywood, the
“Head Cut” is made ____________ to rafters

A

Perpendicular

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27
Q

There are basically only __ types of ventilation holes:

A

2

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28
Q

There are basically only TWO (2) types of ventilation holes:
1. ______ ______ (Offensive)

A
  1. Heat Hole (Offensive)
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29
Q

There are basically only TWO (2) types of ventilation holes:
2. ______ __________ (Defensive)

A
  1. Strip Ventilation (Defensive)
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30
Q

When operating on any lightweight roof, or suspected lightweight roof (panelized or lightweight truss), the ventilation team shall never conduct ____________ operations directly over the fire

A

VENTILATION

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31
Q

A strip ventilation hole should be placed well ahead of the fire, and the strip ventilation hole should extend the entire ________ of the building, creating a firebreak

A

Width

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32
Q

The ______ hole must be accomplished first, which will slow down the horizontal spread of fire and allow the entire strip to be completed before the fire reaches the strip ventilation hole

A

Heat

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33
Q

Center rafter cut is a technique used when cutting plywood sheathing (__ cuts)

A

4

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34
Q

_________ is the material used to comprise the base and exterior covering for the roof

A

Decking

35
Q

Plywood sheathing is installed so that the 8’ dimension of the plywood ________ the rafters or joists and the 4’ dimension ________ the rafters or joists

A

Crosses
Parallels

36
Q

________ is a technique used to cut 1” x 4” or 1” x 6” solid, spaced, or diagonally sheathed roofs, cuts are made parallel to rafters

A

Dicing

37
Q

__” clips are metal clips used to hold the butted ends of plywood together; common on pitched roofs

A

H

38
Q

A head cut is a cut made through the roof decking that is made ______________ to rafters

A

Perpendicular

39
Q

The “__” hook motion brings the pulling tool under and up to the decking in a smooth, forceful motion that will separate the decking materials from the rafters

A

J

40
Q

A _______ cut is a single cut made through the roof decking, the same width as the chain saw blade

A

Kerf

41
Q

Ground ladders should be thrown to the ____________ corners of the structure

A

Uninvolved

42
Q

For roof ventilation, a “MINIMUM” of __ ladders should be thrown to the involved structure

A

2

43
Q

Nailing blocks are usually made from a __” x __” laid _____ between rafters to provide a nailing surface for the edge of the plywood sheathing

A

2”x4”
Flat

44
Q

Since the plywood normally used is 4’ x 8’ in size, a nailing block will usually be found every __ feet

A

4

45
Q

A ______ cut is a small triangular piece of roof covering (composition), which is removed from the roof to expose the roof sheathing and roof composition thickness.

A

Plug

46
Q

Under fire conditions, plywood burns at a quicker rate than solid wood sheathing and plywood ____________

A

Delaminates

47
Q

A ________ cut is a light cut of the roof covering, usually composition out, used to facilitate the removal of multiple layers of roofing material (composition).

A

Scores

48
Q

A ______ cut is a light cut made with the chain saw, cutting through the roof covering and plywood sheathing, but not deep enough to cut through the rafters

A

Skim

49
Q

Skylights - On commercial buildings, they will be placed over ____________ areas

A

Manufacturing

50
Q

A _______ __________ hole is a small triangular hole cut through the roof decking (sheathing and roofing material) made with the chain saw or an axe

A

Smoke Indicator

51
Q

Smoke indicator holes should be placed along the path of access or egress every few _______

A

Yards

52
Q

Smoke indicator holes can be placed on roofs of buildings attached to fire buildings to indicate interior ___________

A

Exposure

53
Q

Sounding utilizes a long-handled tool (____________/____________) used to hit the roof

A

Rubbish Hook/Pike Pole

54
Q

If ventilators are working correctly, leave them alone. A turbine-style ventilator is about ___% more effective when the turbine is spinning

A

30

55
Q

Strip ventilation is usually performed across the width of the roof, from ________ to ________

A

Parapet to parapet

56
Q

Vent pipes can be constructed from _____ plastic, _____ iron, or _____ pipe

A

ABS
Cast
Steel

57
Q

If vent pipes appear to be __________ out of the roof, this should be an indication that the roof has sagged or dropped. This condition is known as “__________ vent pipes.”

A

Growing
Growing

58
Q

A ___-______ cut is a series of __ cuts used to identify rafter direction “ONLY.”

A

45-degree
2

59
Q

___-degree cut - When you hit a rafter, “_______.” Make a second cut ________ or ___________ to the exterior wall

A

45
STOP
Parallel or Perpendicular

60
Q

45-degree inspection cut will tell you:
1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________

A
  1. Rafter Type
  2. Rafter Direction
  3. Thickness of your Comp
  4. Act as Smoke Indicator Hole
61
Q

A 45-degree cut will ensure the saw will intersect a structural member. When the saw makes contact with a rafter, roll over the rafter and continue the cut for approximately __ to
___ inches

A

6 to 10

62
Q

Dicing has many advantages: The roof team can work simultaneously. After the chain saw operator makes the ___ cut, the puller can start pulling boards, and the chain saw operator can continue cutting the roof

A

3rd

63
Q

The length of the dice cut is determined by the ________ of the tool being used to pull the sheathing (pick-head axe, rubbish hook)

A

Reach

64
Q

The chain saw operator should be aware of rafter spacing; “Do Not” ______ two rafters

A

Span

65
Q

Always leave a minimum of __ un-pulled section between the cutter and the puller

A

1

66
Q

CENTER RAFTER LOUVER - you must determine the location of __ rafters

A

3

67
Q

CENTER RAFTER LOUVER - Move back to the first “outside” rafter and cut a parallel cut approximately __ to __ inches inside the rafter

A

2 to 3

68
Q

EXPANDED CENTER RAFTER LOUVER AGAINST CONSTRUCTION: Make parallel cut (side cut) approximately ____ feet long

A

3-½

69
Q

Cut __ to __ inches inside of the purlins to avoid hitting metal hangers

A

4 to 6

70
Q

LOUVER OFF A LAM-BEAM / MAIN BEAM is a ____________ cut

A

DEFENSIVE

71
Q

PULL BACK METHOD is a _____________ cut

A

Offensive

72
Q

While standing on a lam-beam, reach out approximately ____ feet, and make first cut parallel to rafters from purlin to purlin

A

3-½

73
Q

LOUVER OFF A LAM-BEAM / MAIN BEAM - Because of work area limitations (standing on a lam-beam), cutter and puller exchange _______

A

Tools

74
Q

LOUVER OFF A PURLIN is a ____________cut

A

DEFENSIVE

75
Q

While standing on a purlin, start “______ cut.” Reach out as far as you comfortably can, approximately ____ feet

A

Skim
3-½

76
Q

CENTER RAFTER LOUVER - When you are over the ventilation area, make a head cut to locate a minimum of __ rafters.

A

3

77
Q

Proper ventilation will save lives by?

A

simplifying and expediting rescue operations

78
Q

Ventilation does NOT put out fires. However, e ffective ventilation _______________ assists in the attack, control, and extinguishment of a structure fire.

A

DRAMATICALLY

79
Q

In order to safely and effectively cut a roof, you must know?

A

How its built

80
Q

________ ________provides the largest hole possible with the minimum amount of cuts

A

Center Rafter

81
Q

Dicing is a technique used to cut 1” x 4” or 1” x 6” solid, spaced, or _____________ sheathed roofs. Dice cuts are made parallel to rafters with no concern to locating rafters

A

Diagonally

82
Q

The integrity of ______ & ______ must be evaluated for safe operations.

A

Roof
Floors

83
Q

Smoke indicator shall be place how far apart?

A

Few yards

AO Study Program Carlos Cativo (154 decks)

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