SOC Chp. 10 Social Thinking Flashcards
What are the factors that influence interpersonal attraction?
physical characteristics, similarity, self-disclosure, reciprocity, and proximity
How is aggression controlled by the amygdala and prefrontal cortex?
The amygdala is responsible for determining if a specific situation is threatening - promotes aggression
The prefrontal cortex is responsible for controlling aggression by modulating aggression and reducing emotional reactivity
What is reciprocal liking?
you like someone better when you find out they like you
What does the cognitive neo-association model state?
we are more likely to respond to others aggressively whenever we are feeling negative emotions, such as tired, sick, frustrated, or in pain
What is Mary Ainsworth’s secure attachment?
when a child has a consistent, available, conforming, and responsive caregiver and can go out and explore, knowing that they have a secure base to return to
What was the conclusion of the Harlow Monkey Experiments?
showed that what causes attachments b/w child and mother is a secure base
What is Mary Ainsworth’s insecure attachment?
occurs when the child clings to the mother and stays with the mother and does not explore. The child becomes upset when the mother leaves, and distress is not quieted upon the mother’s return
What is Mary Ainsworth’s avoidant attachment?
results when the caregiver has little to no response to the distressed child. The child then shows no preference b/w the mother and the stranger and tends not to care whether the caregiver is around or not
What is Mary Ainsworth’s ambivalent attachment?
occurs when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child’s distress, as such, the child is unable to form a secure base as they cannot consistently rely on the caregiver’s response
What is Mary Ainsworth’s anxious ambivalent attachment?
because of ambivalent, the child is always anxious about the reliability of the caregiver and thus displaces a mixed response when the caregiver is present
What is Disorganized attachment?
the caregiver is absent or disorganized. The child shows an array of behavior towards the caregiver because there is no consistency.
What is the result of Children with ambivalent and disorganized caregivers?
they tend to grow up with deficits in their social skills
What are the forms of social support?
Emotional - empathy and listening
Esteem - affirming the qualities and skills of a person
Material/tangible - financial or material contributions
Informational - providing information that might help someone
Network - social support network that gives a sense of belonging
What parts of the brain aid in forging?
the lateral hypothalamus promotes hunger, while the ventromedial hypothalamus responds to cues that we are full
What is the difference between polygyny and polyandry?
polygyny - male has multiple exclusive female partners
Polyandry - female has multiple exclusive male partners
What are the 4 components of Hawk-Dove game theory?
Altruism - donor provides benefits to the recipient at a cost to him or herself
Cooperative - both the donor and recipient benefit
Spite - donor and recipient are negatively impacted
Selfiness - donor benefits while the receipt is negatively impacted
What is Fisherina (runaway) selection?
a particular trait that does not affect survival becomes more exaggerated over time leading to evolutionary fitness
What is the diff b/w primacy and recency effect?
Primacy effect - the first impression is more important than subsequent ones
Recency effect - most recent information/interaction is most important
What is the Halo Effect?
a cognitive bias in which we allow our general impression of a person to affect our judgment about that individual
What is the just-world hypothesis?
essentially karma. good things happen to good people and bad things to bad people. good behavior is rewarded and bad behavior is punished
What is Self-serving bias?
we attribute our success to our own hard work, and base our failures on reasons out of our control
What is Attribution Theory?
Our natural need to understand why people behave the way they do and what influences their behavior. That influence may be dispositional (personal character), or situational (external factors)
What is Fundamental attribution error?
our natural tendencies to blame things on the person’s disposition instead of the situation, especially when we perceive the thing as having a negative effect
What Is the diff b/w stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination?
stereotypes are cognitive, prejudices are negative thoughts, and discrimination is negative behaviors
How does the self-fulling prophecy occur?
stereotypes can lead to expectations of certain groups of individuals that can create conditions that lead to confirmation of those expectations
What are the results of Stereotype threat?
People are anxious or concerned about confirming a negative stereotype about one’s social group. Stereotype threat can reduce performance, encouraging self-handicapping strategies and lower one’s investment in an activity
What are the 4 stereotype competencies?
- Paternalistic - the group is looked down upon as inferior, dismissed, or ignored
- Contemptuous - the group is viewed with resentment, annoyance, and anger
- Envious - the group is viewed with jealousy, bitterness, and distrust
- Admiration - the group is viewed with pride and other positive feelings
What is prejudice?
irrational positive or negative attitude towards a person, group, or thing, before an experience with that entity
What is propaganda?
a way in which large organizations and political groups create prejudice in others through invoking fear, and exaggerating depictions of targeted group
What are the 3 factors that create prejudice?
Power - the ability of people or groups to achieve their goals despite any obstacle, and their ability to control resources
Prestige - the level of respect shown to a person by other individuals
Class - a socioeconomic status that’s often unequal
What is Cultural relativism?
perception of another culture as different from your own, but with the recognition that cultural values, mores, and rules of culture fit into the culture itself
When does attribute substitution occur?
when individuals must make judgments that are complex but instead substitute a similar solution
What are the components of social perception?
the target, the situation, the perceiver
What is a game theory designed to test
decision-making behavior
What areas of the brain are involved in high aggression?
increased amygdala activity, and decreased prefrontal cortex activity
What is phenotypic benefit?
observed traits in an individual that make them more attractive to the opposite sex.
What is inclusive fitness of evolutionary psychology?
a measure of the number of offspring an individual has, how they support their offspring, and how their offspring can support others. it promotes the idea that altruistic behaviors can improve the fitness and success of species
