PSYCH Chp. 7 Psychological Disorders

Question 1

What are the symptoms of psychotic disorder?

Answer 1

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behaviors, catatonia

Question 2

What are the active symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 2

psychotic disorder and disorganized speech

Question 3

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 3

Disturbance of affect - loss of the ability to express emotion
Avolition - lose sense of goal-directed actions

Question 4

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

Answer 4

Delusions - false beliefs and distorted reality
Hallucination
Disorganized thought - abrupt changes in subjects in speech
Disorganized behavior - inability to carry out daily activities

Question 5

What are delusions of references?

Answer 5

the belief that common elements in the environment are directed towards the individual

Question 6

What are delusions of persecution?

Answer 6

the belief that the person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated and plotted against, or threatened.

Question 7

What are delusions of grandeur?

Answer 7

the belief that the person is remarkable in some significant way

Question 8

What is though broadcasting?

Answer 8

the belief that one’s thoughts are broadcasted directly from their head to the external world

Question 9

What are thoughts of insertion?

Answer 9

the belief that thoughts are being placed in one’s head

Question 10

What is word salad?

Answer 10

incomphrehensive words and disorganized speech

Question 11

What is neologism?

Answer 11

schizophrenic patients inventing new words

Question 12

What is echolalia?

Answer 12

reapeating others words

Question 13

What is echopraxia?

Answer 13

imitating others actions

Question 14

What is the flat effect?

Answer 14

virtually no signs of emotional expression

Question 15

What is the downward drift hypothesis?

Answer 15

it states that schizophrenia causes a decline in socioeconomic status, leading to worsening symptoms, which sets up a negative spiral for the patient toward poverty and psychosis

Question 16

What is anhedonia?

Answer 16

loss of interest in all or almost formerly enjoyable activities

Question 17

What is the treatment for seasonal depressive disorder?

Answer 17

bright light therapy

Question 18

What are the symptoms of major depressive disorders?

Answer 18

sadness, sleep, interest, guilt, energy, concentration, appetite, psychomotor symptoms, and suicidal thoughts

Question 19

What are the symptoms of classical bipolar disorder?

Answer 19

mania, Distractible, Insomnia, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas (racing thoughts), Agitation, Pressured speech, Thoughtlessness

Question 20

What is agoraphobia anxiety disorder?

Answer 20

people who are terrified of being in public because they fear that if some accident were to occur, they wouldn’t be able to escape and protect themselves

Question 21

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?

Answer 21

Obsessions - persistent and intrusive thought that a person obsesses over that raises their stress
Compulsions - behavior the person uses to remedy their stress

Question 22

What are the intrusive symptoms of PTSD?

Answer 22

recurrent reliving of event, flashback, nightmares and prolonged distress

Question 22

What is the monoamine or catecholamine theory of depression?

Answer 22

too much norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse leads to manaia, while too little leads to depression

Question 22

What are the symptoms of panic disorder?

Answer 22

autonomic system overdrive - trembling, sweating, hyperventilation, shortness of breath, racing heart, and palpitations
intense and overwhelming fear

Question 23

What are the avoidance symptoms of PTSD?

Answer 23

deliberate attempts to avoid memories, people, places, activities, and objects associated with traumas

Question 24

What are the negative cognitive symptoms of PTSD?

Answer 24

inability to recall key features of the event, negative mood or emotion, feeling distance from others, and persistent negative view of the world

Question 25

What is dissociative fugue?

Answer 25

a sudden unexpected move or purposeless wandering away from one’s home or location of usual activity. individuals in this state are confused about their identity and can even assume a new identity

Question 25

What is dissociative disorder?

Answer 25

the person avoids stress by escaping from their identity

Question 26

What is dissociative amnesia?

Answer 26

inability to recall past experiences

Question 26

What are the arousal symptoms of PTSD?

Answer 26

increase startle response, irritability, anxiety, self-destructive or reckless behavior, and sleep disturbances

Question 27

What is dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder?

Answer 27

there are two ore more personalities that recurrently take e control of a person’s behavior due to a failure of the indemnity integration. usually results from severe physical or sexual abuse

Question 28

What is illness anxiety disorder?

Answer 28

patient feels that they are at risk for contracting a disease and are constantly checking themselves

Question 28

What is depersonalization/derealization disorder?

Answer 28

the person feels detached from their mind and body (depersonalization) or their surroundings (derealization)

Question 29

What is conversion/hysteria disorder?

Answer 29

unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory function

Question 30

What is the diff b/w ego-syntonic and ego-dystonic personality disorder?

Answer 30

ego-syntonic - individual sees their behavior as correct or normal
ego-dystonic - individual sees the illness as something thrust upon them that is intrusive and bothersome

Question 31

What are the 3 clusters of personality disorder?

Answer 31

A - paranoid, schizotypal, and schiziod
B - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic
C - avoidance, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive

Question 32

What is paranoid personality/premorbid schizophrenia disorder?

Answer 32

a pervasive mistrust of others and suspicion

Question 32

What is schizotypal personality disorder?

Answer 32

pattern of odd and eccentric thinking. individuals may have ideas of reference and magical thinking such as superstitious or belief in clairvoyance

Question 33

What is schizoid personality disorder?

Answer 33

pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional control

Question 34

What is antisocial personality disorder?

Answer 34

pattern of disregard for the violation of the rights of others. more common in men, and seen most in serial killers

Question 35

What is histrionic personality disorder?

Answer 35

constant attention-seeking behavior

Question 36

What is borderline personality disorder?

Answer 36

pervasive instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, and self-image, intense fear of abdanoment, and splitting (viewing others are good or evil). most common in females and seen in suicide attempts and self-mutilation

Question 37

What is narcissistic personality disorder?

Answer 37

grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness. they have fragile self-esteem and are constantly looking for admiration and attention

Question 38

What is avoidant personality disorder?

Answer 38

extreme shyness or fear of rejection. individual isolated even though they have an intense desire for social affection and acceptance

Question 39

What is dependent personality disorder?

Answer 39

a continuous need for reassurance

Question 40

What is OCD personality disorder?

Answer 40

individual is a perfectionist and inflexible, tending to like rules and order

Question 41

What is the biological basis for schizophrenia?

Answer 41

Genetic predisposition, birth trauma, adolescent marijuana use, family history
Results in neurodevelopmental abnormalities and improper chemical balance in the neurotransmitter dopamine
We give patients drugs that block dopamine (neuroleptics) roles in the brain to treat schizophrenia

Question 42

What is the biological basis for depression?

Answer 42

abnormally high glucose metabolism in the amygdala, hippocampal atrophy, decreased NE, serotonin, and dopamine, abnormally high levels of glucocorticoids (cortisol), decreased activity in the frontal lobe, and increased activity in the limbic lobe.

Question 43

What is the biological basis for bipolar disorder?

Answer 43

increased norepinephrine and serotonin, and higher risk if the person has multiple sclerosis or a parent with bipolar disorder

Question 44

What is the biological basis for Alzheimer’s?

Answer 44

genetic factors, brain atrophy, decrease in acetylcholine and its receptors, senile plaques of beta-amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles
mutations in the presenilin genes (chromosome 1, 14, and 21), ApoE (involved in the metabolism of fats),
changes in the amygdala, forebrain, hippocampus, and cortex

Question 45

What is the biological basis for Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 45

decrease production of dopamine by cells in the Substantia nigra which is part of the basal ganglia and plays a major role in motor functions and some mental functions.

Question 45

What are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 45

bradykinesia - slowness in movement
resting tremor
pill-rolling tremor - flexing and extending the fingers while loving the thumbs back and forth
masklike facies - a facial expression consisting of static and expressionless facial features, starring eyer, and a partially opened mouth
cogwheel rigidity - muscle tension that intermittently halts movement
shuffling gait - stopped posture

Question 46

What is the diff b/w major depressive disorder and bipolar I disorder?

Answer 46

major depressive disorder contains at least one major depressive episode with no manic episodes. bipolar I disorder has at least one manic episode with or without depressive episodes.

Question 47

What is the diff b/w Alzheimers and Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 47

dopamine levels are elevated in schizophrenia and reduced in Parkinsons’ diseases

Question 48

What are the symptoms of cyclothymic disorder?

Answer 48

at least one hypomanic episode and dysthymia