Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Kaplan MCAT > PSYCH Chp. 7 Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

PSYCH Chp. 7 Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of psychotic disorder?

A

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behaviors, catatonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the active symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

psychotic disorder and disorganized speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Disturbance of affect - loss of the ability to express emotion
Avolition - lose sense of goal-directed actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions - false beliefs and distorted reality
Hallucination
Disorganized thought - abrupt changes in subjects in speech
Disorganized behavior - inability to carry out daily activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are delusions of references?

A

the belief that common elements in the environment are directed towards the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are delusions of persecution?

A

the belief that the person is being deliberately interfered with, discriminated and plotted against, or threatened.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are delusions of grandeur?

A

the belief that the person is remarkable in some significant way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is though broadcasting?

A

the belief that one’s thoughts are broadcasted directly from their head to the external world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are thoughts of insertion?

A

the belief that thoughts are being placed in one’s head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is word salad?

A

incomphrehensive words and disorganized speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is neologism?

A

schizophrenic patients inventing new words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is echolalia?

A

reapeating others words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is echopraxia?

A

imitating others actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the flat effect?

A

virtually no signs of emotional expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the downward drift hypothesis?

A

it states that schizophrenia causes a decline in socioeconomic status, leading to worsening symptoms, which sets up a negative spiral for the patient toward poverty and psychosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

loss of interest in all or almost formerly enjoyable activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for seasonal depressive disorder?

A

bright light therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the symptoms of major depressive disorders?

A

sadness, sleep, interest, guilt, energy, concentration, appetite, psychomotor symptoms, and suicidal thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the symptoms of classical bipolar disorder?

A

mania, Distractible, Insomnia, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas (racing thoughts), Agitation, Pressured speech, Thoughtlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is agoraphobia anxiety disorder?

A

people who are terrified of being in public because they fear that if some accident were to occur, they wouldn’t be able to escape and protect themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?

A

Obsessions - persistent and intrusive thought that a person obsesses over that raises their stress
Compulsions - behavior the person uses to remedy their stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the intrusive symptoms of PTSD?

A

recurrent reliving of event, flashback, nightmares and prolonged distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the monoamine or catecholamine theory of depression?

A

too much norepinephrine and serotonin in the synapse leads to manaia, while too little leads to depression

22
Q

What are the symptoms of panic disorder?

A

autonomic system overdrive - trembling, sweating, hyperventilation, shortness of breath, racing heart, and palpitations
intense and overwhelming fear

23
What are the avoidance symptoms of PTSD?
deliberate attempts to avoid memories, people, places, activities, and objects associated with traumas
24
What are the negative cognitive symptoms of PTSD?
inability to recall key features of the event, negative mood or emotion, feeling distance from others, and persistent negative view of the world
25
What is dissociative fugue?
a sudden unexpected move or purposeless wandering away from one's home or location of usual activity. individuals in this state are confused about their identity and can even assume a new identity
25
What is dissociative disorder?
the person avoids stress by escaping from their identity
26
What is dissociative amnesia?
inability to recall past experiences
26
What are the arousal symptoms of PTSD?
increase startle response, irritability, anxiety, self-destructive or reckless behavior, and sleep disturbances
27
What is dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder?
there are two ore more personalities that recurrently take e control of a person's behavior due to a failure of the indemnity integration. usually results from severe physical or sexual abuse
28
What is illness anxiety disorder?
patient feels that they are at risk for contracting a disease and are constantly checking themselves
28
What is depersonalization/derealization disorder?
the person feels detached from their mind and body (depersonalization) or their surroundings (derealization)
29
What is conversion/hysteria disorder?
unexplained symptoms affecting voluntary motor or sensory function
30
What is the diff b/w ego-syntonic and ego-dystonic personality disorder?
ego-syntonic - individual sees their behavior as correct or normal ego-dystonic - individual sees the illness as something thrust upon them that is intrusive and bothersome
31
What are the 3 clusters of personality disorder?
A - paranoid, schizotypal, and schiziod B - antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic C - avoidance, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive
32
What is paranoid personality/premorbid schizophrenia disorder?
a pervasive mistrust of others and suspicion
32
What is schizotypal personality disorder?
pattern of odd and eccentric thinking. individuals may have ideas of reference and magical thinking such as superstitious or belief in clairvoyance
33
What is schizoid personality disorder?
pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional control
34
What is antisocial personality disorder?
pattern of disregard for the violation of the rights of others. more common in men, and seen most in serial killers
35
What is histrionic personality disorder?
constant attention-seeking behavior
36
What is borderline personality disorder?
pervasive instability in interpersonal behavior, mood, and self-image, intense fear of abdanoment, and splitting (viewing others are good or evil). most common in females and seen in suicide attempts and self-mutilation
37
What is narcissistic personality disorder?
grandiose sense of self-importance or uniqueness. they have fragile self-esteem and are constantly looking for admiration and attention
38
What is avoidant personality disorder?
extreme shyness or fear of rejection. individual isolated even though they have an intense desire for social affection and acceptance
39
What is dependent personality disorder?
a continuous need for reassurance
40
What is OCD personality disorder?
individual is a perfectionist and inflexible, tending to like rules and order
41
What is the biological basis for schizophrenia?
Genetic predisposition, birth trauma, adolescent marijuana use, family history Results in neurodevelopmental abnormalities and improper chemical balance in the neurotransmitter dopamine We give patients drugs that block dopamine (neuroleptics) roles in the brain to treat schizophrenia
42
What is the biological basis for depression?
abnormally high glucose metabolism in the amygdala, hippocampal atrophy, decreased NE, serotonin, and dopamine, abnormally high levels of glucocorticoids (cortisol), decreased activity in the frontal lobe, and increased activity in the limbic lobe.
43
What is the biological basis for bipolar disorder?
increased norepinephrine and serotonin, and higher risk if the person has multiple sclerosis or a parent with bipolar disorder
44
What is the biological basis for Alzheimer's?
genetic factors, brain atrophy, decrease in acetylcholine and its receptors, senile plaques of beta-amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles mutations in the presenilin genes (chromosome 1, 14, and 21), ApoE (involved in the metabolism of fats), changes in the amygdala, forebrain, hippocampus, and cortex
45
What is the biological basis for Parkinson's disease?
decrease production of dopamine by cells in the Substantia nigra which is part of the basal ganglia and plays a major role in motor functions and some mental functions.
45
What are the symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
bradykinesia - slowness in movement resting tremor pill-rolling tremor - flexing and extending the fingers while loving the thumbs back and forth masklike facies - a facial expression consisting of static and expressionless facial features, starring eyer, and a partially opened mouth cogwheel rigidity - muscle tension that intermittently halts movement shuffling gait - stopped posture
46
What is the diff b/w major depressive disorder and bipolar I disorder?
major depressive disorder contains at least one major depressive episode with no manic episodes. bipolar I disorder has at least one manic episode with or without depressive episodes.
47
What is the diff b/w Alzheimers and Parkinson's disease?
dopamine levels are elevated in schizophrenia and reduced in Parkinsons' diseases
48
What are the symptoms of cyclothymic disorder?
at least one hypomanic episode and dysthymia

Kaplan MCAT (52 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions