Chem Chp. 1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

What is mass number?

Answer 1

the sum of protons and neutrons in the atom’s nucleus

Question 2

What is the atomic number?

Answer 2

the number of protons in the atom

Question 3

What is an isotope?

Answer 3

Atoms that share the same atomic number but differ in the mass number due to the difference in neutrons

Question 4

What are valence electrons?

Answer 4

electrons that are furthest from the nucleus. They have the highest energy levels

Question 5

What is Avogado’s number?

Answer 5

6.02 x 10^23

Question 6

What is planks (h) constant?

Answer 6

6.626 x 10^-34 J/s

Question 7

What is the quantum equation?

Answer 7

E = hf; f=frequency, h=planks constant

Question 8

What is the equation for the speed of light?

Answer 8

v = fa; f= frequency, a=wavelength

Question 9

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

Answer 9

K = 1/2mv^2; m=mass, v=velocity

Question 10

What happens when electrons go from lower energy levels to higher ones?

Answer 10

They absorb light, gain higher potential, become excited, and become more distant from the nucleus

Question 11

What is the equation to determine the electromagnetic energy of a photon?

Answer 11

E = hc/a; h=planks, c=3.00x 10^8 m/s, a=wavelength
E = 6.62610^-34 x 3.0010^8/a

Question 12

What does paramagnetic mean?

Answer 12

that a magnetic field will cause parallel spins in unpaired electrons and therefore cause an attraction

Question 13

What is Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle?

Answer 13

states that it is impossible to know both the electron’s position and its momentum exactly at the same times

Question 14

What is diamagnetic?

Answer 14

materials have all paired electrons, which cannot easily be realigned, and thus are repelled by magnets

Question 15

Where are transition metal valence electrons found?

Answer 15

in the S, D, and/or F orbitals

Question 16

Where are Groups 1, 2, and 13-18 valence electrons found?

Answer 16

in the S and/or P-oritibal