SIHD & Angina

Question 1

what is angina

Answer 1

it is a condition marked by severe pain in the chest, often also spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, owing to an inadequate blood supply to the heart

Question 2

angina is chest pain or pressure, what is usually due to?

Answer 2

not enough blood flow to the heart muscle

Question 3

what is angina usually due to?

Answer 3

obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries

Question 4

what can angina be classed as?

Answer 4

chest pain due to heart disease

Question 5

what is angina itself?

Answer 5

not a disease

it is a condition

Question 6

what is angina a probable symptom of?

Answer 6

coronary artery disease

Question 7

describe angina

Answer 7

it is a tightness, pain or discomfort in the chest that occurs when an area of the heart muscle receives less blood oxygen than usual

Question 8

what is stable angina

Answer 8

a predictable pattern of chest pain

Question 9

what is stable angina a serious warning sign of

Answer 9

that you are at increased risk of developing a life threatening heart attack or stroke

Question 10

why is it important for stable angina to be diagnosed?

Answer 10

as stable angina may eventually lead to a heart attack

Question 11

what is more serious stable angina or unstable angina?

Answer 11

unstable angina

although stable angina can be painful and uncomfortable

Question 12

what are both types of angina usually a sign of?

Answer 12

an underlying heart condition

Question 13

which medications can improve angina symptoms

Answer 13

aspirin
nitrates
beta blockers
statins
calcium channel blockers
ranolazine
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Question 14

how can aspirin improve angina symptoms

Answer 14

this drug reduces the ability of your blood to clot, making it easier for blood to flow through narrowed heart arteries

Question 15

state 4 risk factors of stable angina

Answer 15

being over-weight
having a history of heart disease
having high cholesterol
having high blood pressure

Question 16

what do most patients with angina pectoris report

Answer 16

retrosternal chest discomfort, rather than frank pain

Question 17

how can retrosternal chest discomfort be described

Answer 17

as a pressure, heaviness, squeezing, burning or choking sensation

Question 18

how may angina pain be localised

Answer 18

it may be localised primary in the epigastrium, back, neck, jaw or shoulders

Question 19

what are risk factors of ischaemic heart disease

Answer 19

hypertension
smoking
hyperlipidaemia
hyperglycaemia
male
post-menopausal females

Question 20

define stable coronary artery disease

Answer 20

an established pattern of angina pectoris, a history of MI or the presence of plaque documented by catheterisation

Question 21

what does coronary artery disease result in

Answer 21

when coronary artery plaque development, reducing the oxygen supply to the myocardium

Question 22

when does stable coronary artery disease arise

Answer 22

as a result of a mismatch between myocardial blood/oxygen supply and demand

Question 23

what is hyper-lipidaemia

Answer 23

it is an abnormally high concentration of fats or lipids in the blood

Question 24

what is atherosclerosis

Answer 24

it is a disease of the arteries characterised by the deposition of fatty material on their inner walls