Anatomy of the CVS 1 Flashcards
where is the heart positioned?
just behind and slightly left of the breastbone
where is the heart located?
it is located in the chest between the lungs behind the sternum and above the diaphragm
what is the heart surrounded by?
it is surrounded by the pericardium
where is the hearts centre located?
about 1.5cm to the left of the midsagittal plane
where does the aorta originate from?
the left ventricle of the heart
where does the aorta extend down to?
the abdomen
where does the aorta split into 2 smaller arteries?
in the abdomen
where is the superior vena cava positioned?
it is located in the anterior right superior mediastinum
where does the inferior vena cava run?
it runs posterior to the abdominal cavity and alongside the right vertebral column of the spine
what are the major superficial veins of the upper limb?
the cephalic and basilica veins
where are the major superficial veins of the upper limb located?
within the subcutaneous tissue of the upper limb
where does the basilica vein originate from?
the dorsal network of the hand
where does the basilica vein ascend?
the medial aspect of the upper limb
where do the superficial veins of the lower limb run?
in the subcutaneous tissue
state the 2 major superficial veins
the great saphenous vein and the small saphenous vein
what is the great saphenous vein formed by?
the dorsal venous arch of the foot and the dorsal vein of the great toe
what are the 3 key layers of a blood vessel?
tunica intima
tunica media
tunica externa
what is the pericardium?
it is the membrane enclosing the heart
what does the pericardium consist of?
an outer fibrous layer of serous membrane and an inner double layer of serous membrane
what is the function of both layers of the pericardium?
lubricating the heart to prevent friction during heart activity
what is the role of the cardiac veins?
they return deoxygenated blood containing metabolic waste products from the myocardium to the right atrium
what fibres innervate the heart?
vagal and sympathetic fibers
state the nerves that externally innervate the heart
the phrenic nerve
the vagus nerve
and sympathetic fibers
