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Cardiovascular system > Regulation of arteriolar resistance > Flashcards

Regulation of arteriolar resistance Flashcards

1
Q

what is poiseuilles law

A

a statement in physics

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2
Q

describe poiseuilles law

A

the velocity of steady flow of a fluid through a narrow tube varies directly as the pressure and the fourth power of the radius of the tube and inversely as the length of the tube and the coefficient of viscosity

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3
Q

what is active hyperaemia

A

it is the increase in organ blood flow that is associated with increased metabolic activity of an organ or tissue

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4
Q

give an example of active hyperaemia

A

the increase in blood flow that accompanies muscle contraction, which is also called exercise or functional hyperaemia in skeletal muscle

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5
Q

what is pressure auto regulation defined as

A

the intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain a constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure,

as resistance decreases, blood flow increases despite the presence of reduced perfusion pressure

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6
Q

describe reactive hyperaemia

A

it is the transient increase in organ blood flow that occurs following a brief period os ischameia

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7
Q

what does vascular tone refer to

A

the degree of constriction experienced by a blood vessel relative to its maximally dilated state

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8
Q

what do all arterial and venous vessels under basal conditions exhibit

A

some degree of smooth muscle contraction that determines the diameter of the vessel

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9
Q

what is meant my haemodynamics

A

literal meaning - blood movement

it is the study of blood flow or the circulations of blood, it is the dynamics of blood flow

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10
Q

what is active hyperaemia

A

it is the increase in organ blood flow

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11
Q

what is active hyperaemia associated with

A

increased metabolic activity of an organ or tissue

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12
Q

give an example of active hyperaemia

A

increased blood flow that accompanies muscle contraction

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13
Q

what is the result when blood flow falls?

A

arterial resistance falls as the resistance vessels dilate

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14
Q

what is reactive hyperaemia

A

it is the transient increase in organ blood flow that occurs following a brief period of ischaemia

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15
Q

basically describe reactive hyperaemia

A

it is an increase in organ blood flow when there is an inadequate blood supply to an organ

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16
Q

what is marcy’s law

A

it is an equation that describe the flow of a fluid through a porous medium

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17
Q

what is blood flow equal to

A

the change in pressure over the resistance

18
Q

what pressure equal to

A

blood flow multiplied by the resistance

19
Q

what is varying the radius of arterioles used to control

A

flow through individual vascular beds

20
Q

what does varying the radius of arterioles affect

A

the change in pressure

21
Q

what does the total peripheral resistance affect

A

the mean arterial pressure

22
Q

what is cerebral circulation

A

it is the movement of blood through the network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain

23
Q

what is the rate of the cerebral blood flow in a typical adult

A

750ml per minute

24
Q

what percentage of cardiac output does cerebral blood flow represent

A

15%

25
Q

describe the extrinsic neural control of arteriolar resistance

A

sympathetic nerves cause arteriolar constriction, increasing total peripheral resistance

parasympathetic nerves usually don’t have an effect on arteriolar resistance

26
Q

describe how sympathetic nerves control arteriolar resistance

A

sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine
this binds to alpha 1 receptors
this causes arteriolar constriction
this decreases flow through that tissue
this increases total peripheral resistance

27
Q

describe how parasympathetic nerves control arteriolar resistance

A

usually have no effect on arteriolar resistance

28
Q

where is the hormone epinephrine/adrenaline released from

A

the adrenal medulla

29
Q

describe how the hormone epinephrine/adrenaline controls arteriolar resistance

A

this hormones binds to alpha 1 receptors
causing arteriolar constriction
decreasing flow through that tissue
increasing the total peripheral resistance

30
Q

in skeletal and cardiac muscle what is the result of epinephrine/adrenaline activating beta 2 receptors

A

causes arteriolar dilation
increasing flow through that tissue
decreasing total peripheral resistance

31
Q

describe how the hormone angiotensin II controls arteriolar resistance

A

causes arteriolar constriction
increases blood pressure
stimulates the release of aldosterone
increases the total peripheral resistance

32
Q

what is arteriolar resistance (vascular resistance)

A

it is the resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system and create flow

33
Q

what is arteriolar resistance used in calculations of

A

blood pressure, blood flow and cardiac output

34
Q

what is systemic vascular resistance also known as

A

total peripheral resistance

35
Q

what is pulmonary vascular resistance

A

it is the resistance offered by the pulmonary circulation

36
Q

describe how the hormone vasopressin controls arteriolar resistance

A 
it increases blood pressure
promotes water retention
released in response to low blood volume
causes arteriolar constriction
increases the total peripheral resistance
37
Q

describe how the atrial natriuretic peptide hormone controls arteriolar resistance

A

released in response to high blood volume
increases renal sodium excretion
reduces an expanded extracellular fluid volume
causes arteriolar dilation
decreases total peripheral resistance

38
Q

describe how the brain natriuretic peptide hormone controls arteriolar resistance

A

released in response to high blood volume
secreted in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume
causes arteriolar dilation
decreases total peripheral resistance

39
Q

in terms of local (intrinsic) control of arteriolar resistance describe how active hyperaemia controls arteriolar resistance

A 
increased organ blood flow associated with increased metabolic activity of an organ
increased metabolic activity
increased concentration of metabolites
triggers release of EDRFs
causing arteriolar dilation
smooth muscle relaxation
increasing flow to wash out metabolites
40
Q

what is the mean arterial pressure

A

the average pressure in a patient’s arteries during one cardiac cycle

41
Q

describe how pressure auto regulation controls arteriolar resistance

A 
decrease in mean arterial pressure causes
decrease in flow
metabolites accumulate
triggering the release of EDRFs
causing arteriolar dilations
causing flow to be restored to normal
42
Q

describe how the injury response controls arteriolar resistance

A

arteriolar dilation
increased blood flow
increased permeability

Cardiovascular system (34 decks)

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