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Cardiovascular system > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypertension

A

abnormally high blood pressure and a state of great psychological stress

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2
Q

what is necessary to lower your blood pressure

A

lifestyle changes

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3
Q

what lifestyle changes will be recommended to lower blood pressure

A 
eating a healthier diet
lower salt intake
exercise regularly
quit smoking
maintenance of a healthy weight
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4
Q

what else may be recommended to lower your blood pressure

A

medication

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5
Q

if you are 60 or older what medications are used

A

medications that produce lower systolic blood pressure

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6
Q

list medications used to treat high blood pressure

A 
thiazide diuretics
beta blockers
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
angiotensin 2 receptor blocker
calcium channel blockers
renin inhibitors
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7
Q

list some additional medications sometimes used to treat high blood pressure

A 
alpha blockers
alpha beta blockers
central acting agents
vasodilators
aldosterone antagonists
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8
Q

what most commonly manifests in young patients with acute elevated blood pressure

A

hypertensive chorodopathy

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9
Q

what can be an effective treatment for hypertension for younger patients and may be the initial choice of treatment

A

PTRA

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10
Q

what is the outcome of untreated hypertension

A

uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke

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11
Q

what can people with untreated hypertension die of

A

heart disease related to poor blow flow and stroke

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12
Q

what is resistant hypertension

A

when your blood pressure is difficult to control

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13
Q

to identify true hypertension what must be used

A

ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

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14
Q

what is stage 1 hypertension

A

blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher

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15
Q

what is stage 2 hypertension

A

blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg or higher

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16
Q

what is severe hypertension

A

blood pressure is 180 mmHg or higher

17
Q

what are risks of hypertension

A 
previous MI
stroke
IHD
smoking
diabetes mellitus
hypercholesterolaemia
family history
physical examination
18
Q

what are the reasons for treating hypertension

A

reduce cerebrovascular disease by around 50% and to reduce myocardial infarction by 15-30%

19
Q

how is hypertension treated

A

a stepped approach, use low doses of several drugs

20
Q

what is the effect of hypertension treatment

A

adverse events and minimised and patient compliance maximises

21
Q

effects of hypertension treatment

A

remember all drugs have side effects

22
Q

describe the treatment of stage 1 and 2 hypertension

A

antihypertensive drug treatment

23
Q

state an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor

A

ramipril

24
Q

what is the role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors

A

these drugs competitively inhibit the actions of angiotensin converting enzymes

25
Q

what do angiotensin converting enzymes do

A

convey angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

26
Q

what is angiotensin 2

A

it is a potent vasoconstrictor and hypertrophogenic agent

27
Q

what are the contraindications of ACE inhibitors

A

renal artery stenosis
renal failure
hyperkalaemia

28
Q

what are adverse drug reactions of ACE inhibitors

A 
cough
first dose hypotension
taste disturbance
renal impairment
angioneurmtic oedema
29
Q

what do angiotensin 2 antagonists do

A

competitively block the actions of angiotensin 2 at the angiotensin AT1 receptor

30
Q

what are contraindications of calcium channel blockers

A

acute myocardial infarction
heart failure
bradycardia

31
Q

what are adverse drug reactions of calcium channel blockers

A

flushing
headache
ankle oedema
indigestion and relax oesophagitis

32
Q

what is the second most common cause of maternal and foetal death

A

hypertension during pregnancy

Cardiovascular system (34 decks)

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