Hypertension Flashcards
what is hypertension
abnormally high blood pressure and a state of great psychological stress
what is necessary to lower your blood pressure
lifestyle changes
what lifestyle changes will be recommended to lower blood pressure
eating a healthier diet lower salt intake exercise regularly quit smoking maintenance of a healthy weight
what else may be recommended to lower your blood pressure
medication
if you are 60 or older what medications are used
medications that produce lower systolic blood pressure
list medications used to treat high blood pressure
thiazide diuretics beta blockers angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin 2 receptor blocker calcium channel blockers renin inhibitors
list some additional medications sometimes used to treat high blood pressure
alpha blockers alpha beta blockers central acting agents vasodilators aldosterone antagonists
what most commonly manifests in young patients with acute elevated blood pressure
hypertensive chorodopathy
what can be an effective treatment for hypertension for younger patients and may be the initial choice of treatment
PTRA
what is the outcome of untreated hypertension
uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to stroke
what can people with untreated hypertension die of
heart disease related to poor blow flow and stroke
what is resistant hypertension
when your blood pressure is difficult to control
to identify true hypertension what must be used
ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
what is stage 1 hypertension
blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or higher
what is stage 2 hypertension
blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg or higher
what is severe hypertension
blood pressure is 180 mmHg or higher
what are risks of hypertension
previous MI stroke IHD smoking diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolaemia family history physical examination
what are the reasons for treating hypertension
reduce cerebrovascular disease by around 50% and to reduce myocardial infarction by 15-30%
how is hypertension treated
a stepped approach, use low doses of several drugs
what is the effect of hypertension treatment
adverse events and minimised and patient compliance maximises
effects of hypertension treatment
remember all drugs have side effects
describe the treatment of stage 1 and 2 hypertension
antihypertensive drug treatment
state an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
ramipril
what is the role of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
these drugs competitively inhibit the actions of angiotensin converting enzymes
what do angiotensin converting enzymes do
convey angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
what is angiotensin 2
it is a potent vasoconstrictor and hypertrophogenic agent
what are the contraindications of ACE inhibitors
renal artery stenosis
renal failure
hyperkalaemia
what are adverse drug reactions of ACE inhibitors
cough first dose hypotension taste disturbance renal impairment angioneurmtic oedema
what do angiotensin 2 antagonists do
competitively block the actions of angiotensin 2 at the angiotensin AT1 receptor
what are contraindications of calcium channel blockers
acute myocardial infarction
heart failure
bradycardia
what are adverse drug reactions of calcium channel blockers
flushing
headache
ankle oedema
indigestion and relax oesophagitis
what is the second most common cause of maternal and foetal death
hypertension during pregnancy
