Short Answer Test 1 Flashcards
Describe what a clinical psychologist is and have an example of an experiment that might be conducted by a clinical psychologist
A clinical psychologist examines, diagnoses and treats psychological disorders through the use of therapy, medical techniques and drug therapy. An example of an experiment would be to test the outcome of a specific drug on a depression vs the use of normal therapy
Destine the S3QR reading method
Survey, question, read, recite, review
Read the table of contents to prime your brain with the main concepts and then make a question out of the headings for each section. Read the section and answer out loud
What makes a study an experimental study?
An experiment is a controlled study that uses random assignment to control for all variables except the independent variable which is being manipulated by the researcher. Random assignment allows for causal interferences to be made between independent and dependent variables
What is the difference between a correlational study, naturalistic observation study and a case study?
A correlation study measured the strength and direction of the relationship between 2 variables but suffers from a third variable confound which prevents the researcher from making causal inferences. A naturalistic observation is observing the event or phenomenon in its natural environment with as minor interference as possible while a case study usually examines one subject. None of these allow for causal inferences between variables
Name the 4 lobes of the cerebrum and the corresponding information processing cortex located in each lobe
Temporal lobe: auditory cortex
Occipital lobe: primary visual cortex
Frontal lobe: motor cortex
Parietal lobe: somatosensory cortex
What are the organizational effects of hormones?
Permanent changes in the structure and function of the anatomy. Ex: Testosterone in the womb creates male genitalia
Main idea behind psychoanalytic perspective
Views humans as instinct driven creatures that have very little control and awareness of the processes that regulate human behaviour
Difference between clinical and counselling psychology
Clinical: the actual diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
Counselling: For areas of daily functioning like family, work, marriage and is done by therapists to help guide an individual to navigate their lives better
What are implementation intentions?
Explicitly stating your intentions to do something by writing down when, where and how you will do it
What senses are the parietal lobes most important for
Contain the somatosensory cortex and receive input from sense of touch and is also important for non verbal thinking
Main areas of functioning associated with acetylcholine and state an antagonist
Motor control, learning, memory
Curare is an antagonist
Difference between the roles of clinical and experimental psychologists
Clinical: examine, diagnoses and treats psychological disorders
Experimental: designs, carries out and publishes scientific research based off the empirical method about a wide range of topics
What 2 problems exist in trying to make causal inferences from correlational studies
- Directionality problem: you don’t know of one variable is causing the other to change or vice versa
- Third variable confound: a variable that can not be controlled may be affecting the relationship between the two variables
Name four neurotransmitters and the functions they are most associated with regulating
Acetylcholine: motor movement, memory, attention
Serotonin: sleeping, mood
Norepinephrine: mood, decrease depression
Dopamine: pleasure, satisfaction and reward
What is the synapse and what activity or processes take place there?
Synaptic cleft is the small space between the terminal buttons of the pre synaptic neuron and the dendrites of the post synaptic neuron where transmitters are released to be binder to receptors
