Lab 8: Gender Flashcards
Defining Biological Sex
Sex refers to a set of biological attributes primarily associated with physical physiological aspects like
chromosomes, gene expression, hormone levels and function, and reproductive/sexual anatomy.
Usually categorized as female or male but there is variation in the biological attributes that comprise
sex and how those attributes are expressed.
Defining Gender
Gender refers to socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people. It influences how people perceive themselves and each other,
how they act and interact, and distribution of power and resources in society.
Stereotypes
are previously learned associations that links a whole group of people with certain traits or characteristics – regardless of the actual variation among the group’s members
Prejudice
preconceived opinions or attitudes about individuals or groups based on factors such as race, gender, age, religion, ethnicity, social class, or other characteristicsis. Prejudices are often rooted in stereotypes, which are oversimplified and generalized beliefs about a group of people
Bias
Bias is the tendency to make unfair or prejudiced judgments or decisions, often based on incomplete or skewed information. It could occur simply because of stereotype activation or because of prejudice.
Discrimination
is Behavioural Component – the inappropriate and unjustified treatment of people based solely on their group membership.
What does the harvard test show
shows that our impressions and attitudes and perhaps even our behaviours towards others are sometimes influenced subconsciously. This may be another way that prejudice and stereotypes are maintained
even when we feel consciously that we do not have any prejudiced beliefs about others around us.
How does the IAT (implicit association test) measure implicit associations?
The IAT asks you to pair a target with one of two concepts. The stronger YOU have learned to associate the two concepts, the easier/faster it is to respond. So, if young and good are strongly associated, it should be easier to respond faster when you are asked to give the same response (i.e.
the ‘E’ or ‘I’ key) to these two. If elderly and good are not so strongly associated, it should be harder to
respond fast when they are paired. This gives a measure of how strongly associated the two types of
concepts are. The more associated, the more rapidly you should be able to respond.
IAT procedure
there are series of blocks of trials, where you are asked to classify words, as either Men or Women, Family or Career, or both at the same time. Using the “E” or the “I” keys to respond,
the system records how long it takes you to classify the word on the screen. The basic argument is that in the inconsistent with stereotype conditions, there is interference with the strongly activated associations, slowing you down to clicking the right answer
Response Latency
The Faster one responds is an index of attitude accessibility, and this relates to attitude strength
Interference
In this case there is automatic activation of strongly associated terms. Automatic always activates
before controlled behaviour, creating an interference in responding.
BIAT
The BIAT is a quicker version of the IAT. There is still interference based on categories, but it is a yes or no sorting task based on whether or not the target word fits into the highlighted category above it. It could have easier sorting tasks with one category alone (for baseline times) or two categories
together which are either consistent or inconsistent with the prevailing stereotype:
DV and IV
Reaction Time (DV) and Condition (IV)
