Chapter 11 Flashcards
sex
The properties of a person that determine their classification as male or female
intersex
A term used to describe people who are born with genitals and/or sex organs that do not fit into the male/female binary, but rather along a continuum with much diversity
gender
The social and psychological aspects of being female or male; gender goes beyond biological sex to include an individual’s personal understanding of the meaning of being male or female
gender identity
An individual’s multifaceted sense of belonging to the male, female, or an alternate gender
Biological components of sex
Sex is classified as genes; chromosomes are packages of DNA that carry genes
definition of sex chromosome and what pair
23rd pair
In humans, the pair of genes that differs between the sexes and determines a person’s genetic sex as male or female.
Sex classified as gonads:
Glands that produce sex hormones and generate ova (eggs) in females and sperm in males; collectively called gametes, the ova and sperm are the cells that eventually will be used in reproduction, endocrine system
Male and female gonads
Male: testes
Female: ovaries
What hormones do male and female gonads produce
Male: Androgens (testosterone)
Female: Estrogen & progesterone
what do hormones secreted by the gonads encourage
Development of of three more aspects of the body that are used to classify sex internal reproductive structures, external genitalia and secondary sex characteristics
Female sex organs play roles in
Menstrual cycle, pregnancy, child birth
Male sex organs play roles in
Producing and storing sperm
secondary sex characteristics
Traits that differ between the two sexes but are not part of the reproductive system; they include breasts in females and facial hair in males.
Development of male sex parts
All genitalia look like female parts after conception, the SRY gene in males leads to the development of male parts
differences of sexual development (DSD)
Congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical
Describe some DSD conditions
Turner syndrome: X chromosome is missing, ovaries do not develop
Klinefelter syndrome: Extra X, small testicles
5-ard: difference on Y, genitals may appear typically female
Androgen insensitivity syndrome: difference on Y, genitals appear as female
CAH: prenatal androgen exposure to develop an enlarged clit
What is gender
Refers to how social groups understand what it means to be male and female and what behaviours indicate masculinity and femininity which depend on culture and society.
androgynous
Having attributes that are typically associated with both genders
gender roles
Roles that reflect the individual’s expectation for how a female and male should think, act, and feel
gender stereotypes
Overly general beliefs and expectations about what women and men are like
Gender binary
The belief that there are two and only two categories of gender where membership is biologically determined
Gender identity
When people become aware of the gender categories society creates, one can take this information and recognize themselves different from what physical features and social categories indicate
Varieties of gender identity
Cis gender: identity fits with sex assigned at birth
Nonbinary: Identity outside of female/woman and male/man
transgender
Experiencing one’s psychological gender as different from one’s physical sex, as in the cases of biological males who identify as female and biological females who identify as male