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Psych100 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the neuron

A

Dendrites, cell body, axon

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2
Q

What do the dendrites do?

A

Receive information from other neurons

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3
Q

What does the cell body do?

A

Creates Transmitter molecules

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4
Q

Where do transmitters get released from the axon?

A

At the Terminal buttons

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5
Q

What does myelin do?

A

Insulates the nerve cell which speeds up conduction of nerve message

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6
Q

Define graded potential

A

Stimulation of the nerve membrane can open ion channels in the membrane

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7
Q

What do the NA+ ions do

A

Flow in and depolarize the membrane (from -70mV to -60mV)

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8
Q

What do the potassium ions do?

A

Flow out of the membrane which leads to hyper polarization (-70mV to -90mV)

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9
Q

Where are graded potentials generated?

A

At the dendrites and are conducted along the membrane to the axon hillock

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10
Q

How does an action potential occur

A

If the summated activity at the axon hillock raises the membrane potential past threshold, an action potential will occur

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11
Q

Briefly describe what happens during an action potential

A

NA+ ions flow into the cell which raises the membrane potential to +40mV which produces a spike. The restoration of the membrane potential to -70M is produced by an opening of channels to K+ and the AP is conducted along the axon towards the terminals

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12
Q

Examples of neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine
Monoamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine and GABA)

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13
Q

Difference between peripheral and central nervous system

A

PNS: carries information to and from the central nervous system
CNS: directs psychological and basic life processes and responds to stimuli

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14
Q

Difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system in the PNS

A

Somatic: conveys sensory information to the central nervous system and sends motor messages to muscles
Autonomic: serves basic life functions such as the beating of the heart

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15
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

Brain: directs psychological activity, processes information and maintains life support
Spinal cord: receives sensory input, sends info to brain and responds with motor output

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16
Q

Difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic: activates the organism, readies the body in response to threat “fight or flight”
Parasympathetic: calms the boys down, maintains energy “rest or digest”

17
Q

What parts of the brain are in the Midline view of the brain

A

Medulla: controls heart rate and respiration
Cerebellum: coordinates smooth movements, balance and posture
Pons: involved in the control of sleep

18
Q

What are the functions of the limbic system?

A

Septal area is involved in pleasure and in relief from pain
Amygdala is involved in learning and recognition of fear
Hippocampus is involved in memory

19
Q

Functions of the cerebral cortex

A

Provides for flexible control of patterns of movement
Permits subtle discrimination among complex sensory patterns
Makes possible symbolic thinning which is the foundation of human thought and language

20
Q

Cortical lobes of the brain

A

Frontal lobe: thinking, social skills
Broca’s area: speech production and grammar
Parietal lobe: touch, non verbal thinking
Occipital lobe: vision
Temporal lobe: language, hearing
Wernicke’s area: speech comprehension

21
Q

Describe what happened to phineas gage

A

Suffered frontal lobe damage after an accidental involving a dynamite tamping rod at his job as a railroad supervisor. After the accident, he become childish and could not effectively plan or control his impulses

22
Q

What is the frontal lobe involved in?

A

Movement, attention, planning, memory and personality

23
Q

What is the left hemisphere dominant for?

A

Language, logic and complex motor behaviour

24
Q

What is the right hemisphere dominant for?

A

Recognition of faces, places and sounds

25
Q

Define the split brain study

A

The corpus callosum serves to integrate the two hemispheres. Cutting it can result in information reaching only one hemisphere

26
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream to help control bodily functioning

27
Q

Where is the hypothalamus connected to?

A

Pituitary gland which is also called the master gland

28
Q

Adrenal glands are used for

A

Fight or flight

29
Q

Gonads are

A

Secondary sex characteristics

30
Q

How does the endocrine system work

A

Endocrine glands release hormones into blood stream that have effects at diffuse target sites. Hormones bind to the receptors and can have effects such as change in structure and function

Psych100 (11 decks)

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