Ship Handleing

Question 1

Name 4 types of interaction

Answer 1

Squat: low pressure created underneath the hull of the vessel as the speed increases pulling the vessel deeper into the water. In shallow water effect is more pronounced and this decrease under keel clearance and not draught. Increases turning circle.

Ship proximity/Overtaking: two possible out comes. As vessel is overtaken hp from overtaking vessel pushes stern away and vessel is forced in front of overtaking vessel. Or vessel being over taken bow initially pulled in then as overtaking vessel passes pushes bow away and creates an uncontrollable sheer out wards. Large vessels effect smaller vessels much more and the speed also effects interaction.

Bank effect: vessel moves over to one side of channel and the hp in front between bow and bank forces bow out and low pressure between hull and bank pulls in creating uncontrollable sheer.

Shallow water effect:
In Shallow water vessel may experience sudden veering when approaching drastic changes in depth i.e. Close proximity to a rock. It will also have steering. May cause to have less of an effect or more. Turn radius increase. Loss of speed.

Question 2

Turning half round

Answer 2

Bare steerage way to port side of channel provided clear of traffic. Hard over to starboard engine half ahead don’t allow vessel to much head way, rudder mid ships half astern don’t allow to build to much stern way, rudder hard starboard engine half ahead, continue till shears head is reciprocal.

Question 3

Mooring to dock on port side

Answer 3

Approach bear steerage way at 20 to 30 degrees bow pointed at Centre of dock. As vessel approaches rudder amidship engine astern, transverse thrust push stern to port to line up with dock and take of head way, if necessary hard port rudder and engine ahead to keep stern from contacting

Question 4

Preparation for Anchor

Answer 4

• Follow the Anchoring SOP.
• Foredeck crew PPE
• Foredeck adequately lit
• Weather
• Shelter
• Intended position: Chart assessment. (free from Obstructions, Anchor prohibited?)
• Available swing room
• bottom composition
• Depth
• Tide level at high and low
• Direction of ebb and flow
• Traffic (through traffic, other anchored vessels)

Pre anchor briefing:

• Risk assessment (Tool box talk, dynamic)
• Amount of crew required for operation. (One or two anchors more or less crew)
• Scope of chain
• Communications
• Slow down position
• Course on approach
• Speed
• Manual steering
• Position for engine stop
• Monitoring (PI’s, Lines of position, Radar range and bearings)

Post anchoring:

• Set up anchor watch
• Monitor vessels position (radar ranges and bearing, gps position, expected swing)
• Weather forecast
• Security measures
• Light, signal, day shapes
• Record

Question 5

What is different ent on an anchor watch

Answer 5

Nothing 
Still continuous lookout
Check position
Monitoring navigation equipment and checking errors
Radar plotting of other vessels
Monitor weather and sea
Security precautions may be increased, deck patrols,additional surveillance
Monitoring pollution regulations

Question 6

What three documents would provide information on ships manoeuvring characteristics?

Answer 6

Pilot Card
Ships manoeuvring booklet
Wheel house poster

Question 7

What information is found on the Pilot card

Answer 7

Pilot card to be filled out with current ship conditions. Which would include dynamic information including loading status and draft.
It musty have all basic handling information as well: Propulsion, current status off equipment and Ships particulars.

Question 8

What information is found in the Wheel house poster?

Answer 8

Wheel house poster has fixed information on it.
Detailed information describing manoeuvring characteristics.
The information on the poster should be determined by special manoeuvring trails or computer simulation techniques.
Info included: Tuning circles, Stopping information, Emergency manoeuvring, Draft status at different loads, Squat information, Thruster information and Steering and anchor chain particulars.

Question 9

What are the three main types of propeellars?

Answer 9

CPP (Controllable pitch propeller)
FPP (Fixed pitch propeller)
VPP (variable pitch propeller)

Question 10

Now to determine amount of chain during anchoring

Answer 10

1.5 X sqr depth
Or
6-10x the depth

Question 11

Types of moors

Answer 11

Running
Standing
Med
Open

Question 12

Snubbing around

Answer 12

Dropping an anchor to turn very sharp in an emergency

Question 13

What depth does squat occur

Answer 13

Roughly twice the draft

Question 14

What is Bernoulli’s principle

Answer 14

Increase in water speed creates a decrease in static preassure

Question 15

What MGN deals with Interaction

Answer 15

MGN 199