Passage planning Flashcards
What is a passage plan
It is a berth to berth risk assessment for an intended voyage, which determines the safest most economical route which the master must approve before undertaking.
Appraisal info
Navigation
- Charts - Draft
- Traffic. - Position fixing
- Nav aids. - Route selection
- Communications - Reporting
- Pilotage. - Weather
- Reliability of the propulsion and steering systems
Operational
- Berth requirements. - Security
- Bridge manning - Stability
- Tug requirements
Environmental
- Ballast water Managment
- Marpol special areas
- Port reception facilities
Contingency
- Emergency response plans
- Anchorage and ports along the way
Publications
- Ships Routeing
- Sailing directions
- Ocean Passages of The World
- NTM - weekly, cumulative and annual
- ALRS
- Routing charts
- Charts - up to date
- latest edition
- Largest Scale appropriate
- adequate for voyage - Tide tables, tidal stream atlas
- NP 131 chart catalogue
- Admiralty List of lights and fog signals
- Nautical almanac, nautical tables
- IAMSAR vol iii, code of signals
- Int code of signals
- Np100
- M-Notices
- Manuals for NAV equipment
- Load Line Chart
Planning phase notes to plot on to the chart
On to Charts:
- Waypoints and wheel over points
- No go areas
- Abort points (point of no return)
- Parallel index lines
- High Traffic areas incl Fishing grounds, Ferry routes
- Points when to change over charts
- Conspicuous landmark for plotting
- Head marks, clearing bearings, transits
- Special notes from sailing directions
- Contingency, Ports of refuge
- T’s and P’s
- Environmental considerations
- MSI information, Navtex stations
- Route specific - calling master
- reporting, routing, Vts, pilot (ALRS V6)
- clearing anchors
- engines to standby
Passage plan must be recorder in a BRIDGE NOTE BOOK and be available for entire bridge crew
What are the points for execution
Check latest weather reports Tidal information NAV warnings Bridge crew briefed and fit for duty Equipment checks Machinery status Time of departure
What are the monitoring considerations
Monitor route and equipment Ensure passage plan is followed Plot position by multiple means Ensure NAV equipment is working at best performance Any deviation to be fully planned
What is the Planning stage?
On the basis of the fullest possible appraisal, a detailed voyage or passage plan should be prepared which should cover the entire voyage from. Berth to berth, including those waters where the services of a pilot will be used.
How frequently do you fix position.
At a maximum fixes should be done so that the ship is kept from danger between fixes and frequently enough so that if a deviation occurs enough time is created to take corrective action.
Almost continually during coastal and restricted Navigation and less frequently during ocean passages.
INfo to be considered by Masters for a contemplated passage
Based on 5C’s
- Compliance:
- Compliant with Flag
- Port state compliance
- Publications up-typo date and relevant, all T’s and P’s as well as Nav warnings. - Certification
- Certificates proving compliance are in date and will be for duration of voyage.
- Crew, passenger, equipment and cargo. - Crew
- Qualified, Experienced, Well rested and sufficient - Conduct:
- Safest most economical and efficient route
Taking into account:
- Distances
- Fuel and lube oil requirements
- Food and provision
- Sea room
- Danger zones
- Routing systems
- Reporting
- Nav hazards,
- Environmental considerations. - Conditions:
- Good condition
- All equipment maintained and that we have sufficient spares
- Stability and loading
- Draughts seaways, ports, anchorages
- Vessel Limitations
- manoeuvring
What is Sea worthy
Fit in all respects to encounter the ordinary perils of the sea.
Taking into account
Compliance Certification Condition Crew Conduct
A vessel is crewed with appropriately qualified and experienced crew, is compliant with all the applicable international statutory requirements and has all its required certificates in place and are valid, in a condition which is fit for sea and conducts it self in a safe and efficient manner.
Factors to be taken into account for Safety Margins:
A good saftey margin will not cause a vessel to stand into danger if there is an unforeseen deviation from the plan or will allow for sufficient time to rectify problem.
- Reliability of chart survey
- Dimension of vessel
- Manoeuvrability
- Accuracy of Nav systems
- Accuracy of echo sounders
- Tidal streams
Reason for Ships routing system
Designed to contribute the safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of navigation and the protection of the environment.
Types of routing systems
TSS Deep water routes Areas to be avoided Precautionary areas No Anchoring Restricted zones Archipelagic sea lanes
What’re to find info on ships routing systems?
ALRS vol 6 and sailing directions
How to determine distance off danger
Draught Weather Tide Traffic Chart survey reliability Availability of safe water.
