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Fall 2024 > Seizure and antidepressant drugs pharm > Flashcards

Seizure and antidepressant drugs pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Name the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

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2
Q

Where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?

A

Proximal tubule

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3
Q

Toxicity of CA inhibitors

A

metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

What do loop diuretics block?

A

NKCC2 pump

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5
Q

Where do loop diuretics work>

A

TAL

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6
Q

Name the two loop diuretics

A

furosemide and ethacrynic acid

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7
Q

Where do thiazides work?

A

DCT

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8
Q

What do thiazides block?

A

NCC in DCT

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9
Q

How does spironolactone work?

A

It blocks the aldosterone receptor in principal cells so that ENaC channels do not open, sodium stays in urine; can not come into cell

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10
Q

Where do potassium sparing diuretics work?

A

principal cells of the collecting tubules

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11
Q

How does amiloride work?

A

It blocks the ENaC channels and inhibits sodium influx

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12
Q

Where does conivapton work? How?

A

Collecting tubule, it blocks ADH so no AQP channels to allow water in

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13
Q

Name the beta 2 agonist short term relievers

A

Epinephrine, isoproterenol and albuterol, salmeterol/formotorol (long acting short term reliever)

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14
Q

Name the methylxanthine short term reliever

A

Theophylline (tea) - PDE inhibitor

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15
Q

Name the short term relievers that are M3 antagonists

A

Ipatropium bromide and parenteral atropine

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16
Q

Name the long term controller corticosteroids

A

Prednisone and fluticasone

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17
Q

Name the long term controller that is a LPI (leukotriene pathway inhibitors)

A

montelukast

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18
Q

Name the mAB used as a long term controller

A

Omalizumab (Xolair)

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19
Q

Name the three subtypes of focal seizures

A

Simple, complex and secondarily generalized

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20
Q

Name the subtypes of general seizures

A

-Tonic-clonic (grand-mal)
-absence (petite mal)
-drop attacks (tonic, atonic)
-clonic and myoclonic
-Infantile spasms

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21
Q

Phenytoin therapeutic dose

A

10-20 mcg/kg

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22
Q

Phenytoin toxic dose

A

30-50 mcg/ml

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23
Q

Phenytoin lethal dose

A

> 100 mcg/ml

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24
Q

What % of phenytoin is bound to albumin?

A

90%

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25
Q

What type of seizure is phenytoin used for?

A

focal, tonic clonic

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26
Q

What type of seizure and other disorders is carbamazepine used for?

A

focal, TGN and BPD

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27
Q

What type of seizure is phenobarbital used for?

A

Focal, GTCS

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28
Q

What is the drug of choice for focal seizures?

A

lamotrigine

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29
Q

What drug displaces phenytoin?

A

Valproic acid

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30
Q

What drugs compete with phenytoin for albumin?

A

Carbamazepine and sulfonamides

31
Q

What is the drug of choice in infants for sedation

A

Phenobarbital

32
Q

MOA of phenytoin

A

modification of ion conductance, enhances inhibition (GABA) and inhibits excitation (glutamate)

33
Q

MOA of carbamazepine

A

Na+ channel

34
Q

MOA of lacosamide

A

Na+ channel

35
Q

MOA of phenobarbital

A

sedative hypnotic

36
Q

MOA of lamictal

A

ion channel blocker

37
Q

MOA of ethosuxamide

A

Ca++ channel

38
Q

MOA of valproic acid

39
Q

Benzo MOA

A

increase GABA

40
Q

Lacosamide indication

A

focal seizures

41
Q

What type of seizure is lamictal (lamotrigine) used for?

42
Q

GABA analogs (vigabatrin) indication

A

infantile spasms

43
Q

What is the drug of choice for absence seizures?

A

Ethosuxamide

44
Q

What type of seizure is valproic acid used for? What are other indications?

A

absence, BP and migraines

45
Q

What type of seizure are benzos used for?

A

Status epilepticus

46
Q

What is the name of the benzo we use for seizures?

47
Q

These drugs stimulate seizure activity

A

methohexital, demerol, and sevoflurane

48
Q

This drug blocks neuromuscular blockades but prior to administration of NMB higher levels of this drug can actually enhance NMB

49
Q

1st gen H1 antagonists

A

Benadryl, phenegran, dramamine

50
Q

2nd gen H1 antagonists

A

Claritin, allegra, Zyrtec

51
Q

5HT1A agonist

52
Q

5HT1B/D agonist

53
Q

5HT3 agonist

A

ondansetron (zofran)

54
Q

Where are 5HT1A receptors?

A

raphe nuclei

55
Q

Where do you find 5HT3 receptors? What type of receptor is it?

A

area postrema, ion channel

56
Q

SSRIs examples

A

prozac, zoloft

57
Q

SNRIs examples

A

Cymbalta, pristique

58
Q

TCA example

59
Q

List antidepressant classes from least to most severe

A

SSRI
SNRI
TCA
MAOI

60
Q

What receptor do benzos work on?

61
Q

Name the benzos

A

diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam

62
Q

Reversal for benzos

A

flumazenil

63
Q

Barbituates

A

thiopental, methohexital

64
Q

Name the 2 sleep aids

A

ambien, lunesta

65
Q

What does fomepizole block?

A

Blocks alcohol dehydrogenase

66
Q

What does disulfiram block?

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

67
Q

Drugs that help alcoholics not be alcoholics

A

naltrexone, acamprosate, Antabuse (disulfiram)

68
Q

This drug should not be given to someone with an opioid addiction because it will make them withdraw

A

Naltrexone

69
Q

Name the pump and the enzyme that is found in the proximal tubule

A

NHE3, carbonic anhydrase

70
Q

Name the pump that is found in the ascending loop of henle

71
Q

Name the pump found in the distal convoluted tubule

A

NCC

-moves sodium and chloride from urine into cell

72
Q

Name the pump found in the principal cells of collecting tubules

Fall 2024 (86 decks)

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