A&P Test 3 Flashcards
The European book with NDMA Dr. Smidt was reading was right about everything except:
the nomenclature of NMDA
Why don’t arteries compress in the brain when ICP increases?
Because the arteries have a high Internal pressure.
What is the internal blood pressure of arteries in the skull?
100mmHg
Are the second ascending neurons after a nociceptor myelinated?
most of the time, but not always
Which neuron has a difference in myelination in the fast/slow pain pathways?
the first order nociceptor
Where does inhibition happen in the lateral inhibition pathway?
some happens in the dorsal horn, some happens out in the periphery
Where are metabotropic receptors found compared to the 3 inotropic ones we talked about in A&P
the brain
enkephalins are similar to what?
endorphins
enkephalin is the body’s endogenous
opiate system
what kind of receptor is an enkephalin receptor?
GPCR
Where are enkephalin receptors found on our drawing?
on the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons
Enkephalin receptors are functionally linked to what type of channel?
Potassium
When opiates hitting enkephalin receptors, what should happen?
potassium channels should open, giving potassium more places to leave the cell. This makes the cell more negative and therefore makes the neuron harder to excite
When someone asks you how opiate receptors work, you would tell them that they
increase cell wall permeability to potassium and that inhibits the cells.
What receptor, besides enkephalin receptors, does the first and second order neuron have on them?
alpha 2 receptors
what do alpha 2 receptors do on the 1st and 2nd order neuron in the spinal cord?
open potassium channels
what type of receptor is an alpha 2 receptor?
GPCR
alpha 2 receptor activation at the synapse is going to do what?
shut down the first order nociceptor and the second order in transmission neuron
What are examples of alpha 2 receptor agonist? A&P
xylazine
clonidine
precedex
xylazine activates which receptors?
alpha 1 and 2
List the alpha 2 receptor agonist from most specific to least specific
precedex
clonidine
xylazine
Precedex, clonidine, and xylazine are all drugs that decrease pain by relaxing the CNS, but differ from opiates in that they
don’t produce the same sensations in the top parts of the brain like euphoria.
alpha 2 receptor agonists do what in the CNS?
slow it down
what CNS depressor do people abuse (A&P)
xylazine