Chem test 3

Question 1

In an organic bond angle structure, what does 2 lines coming together mean?

Answer 1

that there is a carbon where they connect.

Question 2

what are the bond-angle formula rules for atoms?

Answer 2

• carbon atoms are not drawn, unless trying to show something specific
• hydrogen bonds are not drawn unless attached to: N,O,S,P
  or when showing something specific
• heteroatoms are always drawn (N,O,S,P)
• Halogen atoms are always drawn

bascially if it isn’t carbon, you have to draw it

Question 3

what are the bond-angle formula rules for bonds?

Answer 3

• all bonds between carbons are drawn
• next bond “angles” away from previous bond
• bonds between carbon and heteroatoms may or may not be drawn. Ex: drawn when part of a ring or chain, may not drawn when attached to a chain or ring
• bonds between heteroatoms and hydrogens may be drawn
• lone pair electrons are not drawn unless showing something specific

Question 4

what does R mean?

Answer 4

an undefined carbon atom. Not important

Question 5

for heteroatoms and hallogens, the remaining valence is made of

Answer 5

lone pair electrons

Question 6

we assume that the valence in a carbon is made of

Answer 6

hydrogen atoms

Question 7

what is a condensed group?

Answer 7

a condensed functional group

Question 8

formal charge formula:

Answer 8

valence-lonepair-1/2bond

Question 9

what is the bonding pattern of carbon?

Answer 9

+1 = 3 bond
neutral= 4 bonds
-1= 3 bonds 1 lone pair

Question 10

what is the bonding pattern of nitrogen?

Answer 10

+1 = 4 bond
neutral= 3 bonds 1 lone pair
-1= 2 bonds 2 lone pair

Question 11

what is the bonding pattern of oxygen?

Answer 11

+1 = 3 bonds 1 lone pair
neutral= 2 bonds 2 lone pair
-1= 1 bonds 3 lone pair

Question 12

what is the bonding pattern of X?
what are the X’s?

Answer 12

+1 = 2 bonds 2 lone pair
neutral= 1 bonds 3 lone pair
-1= 4 lone pair

halogens, Cl, Br, I NOT F

Question 13

what is the Alkane functional group?

Answer 13

C-C

Question 14

what is the Alkene functional group?

Answer 14

C=C

Question 15

what is the Alkyne functional group?

Answer 15

C triple bond C

Question 16

what is the Halide functional group?

Answer 16

C-X

Question 17

what is the alcohol functional group?

Answer 17

C-OH

Question 18

what is the ether functional group?

Answer 18

C-O-C

Question 19

what is the thiol functional group?

Answer 19

C-SH

Question 20

what is the sulfide functional group?

Answer 20

C-S-R

Question 21

what is the Amine functional group?

Answer 21

C-N

Question 22

what is the Carbonyl functional group?

Answer 22

C=O not identified on it’s own, is found in aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides, carboxylic acid

Question 23

what is a carbonyl attached to a carbon and hydrogen?

Answer 23

aldehyde

Question 24

what is a carbonyl attached to 2 carbon atoms?

Answer 24

ketone

Question 25

what is a carbonyl attached to carbon and ether

Answer 25

esters

Question 26

what is a carbonyl attached to carbon and amine

Answer 26

amide

Question 27

what is a carbonyl attached to a carbon and alcohol

Answer 27

carboxylic acid

Question 28

what is the parent chain?

Answer 28

the longest chain of carbons containing the highest priority functional group

Question 29

what is a substituent?

Answer 29

anything that attaches to the parent chain

Question 30

what is the goal when numbering the atoms in the parent chain?

Answer 30

ensure the highest priority group substituent has the lowest possible number. When there are multiple substituents with similar priorities, ensure the lowest possible number on both

Question 31

what are the two types of stereocenters?

Answer 31

tetrahedral carbons- carbon with 4 different groups attached to it alkenes- things with a double bond

Question 32

how to name an organic compound

Answer 32

(stereochemistry) (substituents in alphabetical order) (parent chain)

Question 33

when you number things, we keep rings and chains _____

Answer 33

separate. if a chain attaches to a ring, the carbon belongs to the ring

Question 34

what do you add the to beginning of the name if the parent chain is a ring?

Answer 34

cyclo

Question 35

what are the systematic prefixes for carbon numbers?

Answer 35

1-meth 2-eth 3-prop 4-but 5-pent 6-hex 7-hept 8-oct 9-non 10-dec 11-undec 12-dodec

Question 36

what is the parent chain prioritization?

Answer 36

alkenes alkynes alkanes

Question 37

what is octanol?

Answer 37

an 8 carbon chain alcohol. this mirrors the BBB

Question 38

alkynes are weird in that they don't always ____

Answer 38

bend, they are linear in nature

Question 39

how to identify substituents

Answer 39

count the number of carbons and use carbon prefixes. add substituent suffixes

Question 40

what is the suffix for a alkane substituent?

Answer 40

-yl

Question 41

what is the suffix for a alkene substituent?

Answer 41

-enyl

Question 42

what is the suffix for a alkyne substituent?

Answer 42

-ynyl

Question 43

what are the special substituents?

Answer 43

isopropyl t-butyl sec-butyl isobutyl

Question 44

what is this?

Answer 44

isopropyl

Question 45

what is this?

Answer 45

T-butyl

Question 46

what is this?

Answer 46

secbutyl

Question 47

what is this?

Answer 47

isobutyl

Question 48

if there are multiple substituents of the same type, use which prefixes?

Answer 48

2-di 3-tri 4-tetra 5-penta 6-hexa 7-hepta

Question 49

What is the order or priority for substituted benzenes? Lowest to highest

Answer 49

Toluene Cumene Styrene Phenol Anisole Aniline

Question 50

How do you make a soap?

Answer 50

Adding the ester of the glycerine to the carboxylic acid of the fatty acid head