Pharm test 2 Exam review Erin's Flashcards
Afferent
Going towards the CNS
Efferent
Going away from the CNS
Ganglia
Cell bodies in the PNS
Nuclei
Cell bodies in the CNS
Which are parasympathetic fibers originating from?
Craniosacral region
Where are sympathetic fibers originating from?
Thoracolumbar
Where are the ganglia located in the sympathetic division?
Close to the spinal cord
Where are the ganglia located in the parasympathetic division?
In the visceral effector organs
Which receptors are GQ?
Alpha 1, M1, M3, M5
What does GQ activate?
Phospholipase C
What is the end result of GQ activation?
Contraction
What receptors are G inhibitory (Gi)
Alpha 2, M2 and M4
What does Gi inhibit?
Adenylyl cyclase
Which receptors are G stimulatory?
Beta 1 and 2
What is the end result of G inhibitory?
Decreased cAMP
What is the end result of G stimulatory?
Increased cAMP
What happens when a G stimulatory signal is activated? (first thing)
Stimulates adenylyl cyclase
Briefly explain the hormonal feedback loop
Kidneys sense drop in BP –> renin release –> renin converts angiontensinogen (liver) into angiotensin I –> angiontensin I converted to angiotensin II by ACE (lungs) –> Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction as well as stimulating the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone –> aldosterone release causes water and sodium reabsorption –> this increases blood volume –> increases venous return –> increases CO and finally increases MAP
Briefly explain autonomic feedback loop
Baroreceptors sense drop in BP and talk to the vasomotor center to increases sympathetic outflow and decrease parasympathetic outflow. (HR, PVR, Contractile force, Venous tone) End result is increased MAP
Neurotransmitter fates (4)
Diffuse away
Broken down in the synapse
Taken back up into presynaptic cell
Taken up by surrounding cells
What is an example of an ester?
Acetylcholine
What are the three monoamines?
Norepi, serotonin, dopamine
What does CHT do?
Transports choline into the neuron
What does CHAT do?
Combines acetyl-coa and choline into acetylcholine