Pharm Test 1 Flashcards
What is a big reason why people react differently to drug and drug regimens?
Genetics
A Person who is hyporeactive is someone who
does not respond well to a drug or drug regimen
A Person who is hyperreactive is someone who
Overresponds to a drug or drug regimen
Different genes are turned on at
different ages (pre-puberty vs post-puberty)
What is “personalized pharmacology”?
Specific genetic testing, looking for polymorphisms, in order to predict whether a drug or regimen will be beneficial.
What is polymorphisms?
Changes in genes that are going to affect how you metabolize a particular drug
Usually we do DNA tests to
Explain a certain reaction vs. to predict.
What is the goal of personalized medicine?
Right dose
Right drug
Right indication
Right patient
Right time
How many bases are in the human genome?
6.4 Billion
Half of our genes come from our
mother and the other half from our father
How many different genes do we have?
30,000
What percent of our genes code for protein?
1-2%
What explains all of the differences that we see in the people around us?
the 0.1% difference in all our genes
What does SNP stand for?
single nucleotide polymorphisms
What are SNPs?
A single nucleotide that explains all the differences that we see.
What is a Losi?
the location of where a gene is on a chromosone
What is an allele?
an alternate version of the gene at the same loci (like 1 from mom and 1 from dad)
a variant from the wild type
Every 3 base pairs in the DNA codes for
one amino acid in a protein
What is a silent mutation?
A polymorphism that doesn’t change the protein and is not detectable unless you do DNA testing
What is a non-synonymous SNP?
A polymorphism that does change the protein and can therefore have a significant effect, although not always.
What does PM stand for?
Poor metabolizer
In a person who has the gene that inactivates CYPC219, how will Plavix work on them?
It is metabolized by multiple enzymes, so the patient can still take Plavix, but the result may be less than it would be in a person who didn’t have this gene
Describe a poor metabolizer
A person who has a gene that decreases the effect of a certain enzyme. The enzyme is still working, but the it works at a slower rate.
A person with this gene who takes an active drug that is metabolized by this enzyme will see the active effects of this drug for much longer
A person who is a poor metabolizer takes a prodrug that requires metabolism to work. What is the result?
poor efficacy and possible accumulation of prodrug.