Chem test 2 Flashcards
intramolecular
within, like covalent
intermolecular
between
which is more permanent, intramolecular or intermolecular?
intramolecular
What is an intermolecular force?
Force of attraction that occurs between atoms, molecules, and ions d/t their proximity in space to each other
Intermolecular forces properties:
- weaker than intramolecular forces
- a higher number of particles within a space leads to more interactions, but it doesn’t mean they’re stronger
- the magnitude of the charge affects the strength of the attraction
- distance between species affects the strength of the attraction
- the stronger the attractive forces between the particles, the more they resist moving or breaking apart
What creates a partial charge?
electron density is not equally shared between two atoms, electrons favor the more electronegative
What is it called when electron density is not equally shared between two atoms
electric dipole or dipole moment
What is surface tension?
Liquids resistance to increase its surface area
What is capillary action?
the spontaneous rising of a liquid in a narrow tube against the pull of gravity
What is viscosity?
measure of a liquid’s resistance to flow
Most drugs bind to receptors through molecular forces rather than formation of chemical bonds, this determines
efficacy, potency, and to some extent toxicity
Changes in phases do not _______ chemical bonds, only _____ an intermolecular force
break
disrupt
What makes something change shape?
temperature and pressure
What does solubility depend in part on?
attractive forces of the solute and solvent
substances with similar polarity will be
soluble or miscible
like dissolves like
What is soluble?
solid in liquid
What is miscible?
liquid in liquid
What is a van der waals force?
interaction arising from the formation of induced dipoles between two non-polar molecules
weakest of the intermolecular forces
What is a dipole-dipole interaction?
occurs in all polar molecules
relatively strong
What is a hydrogen bonding interaction?
very strong, specialized dipole-dipole interaction
have H-bond donors and acceptors
When are hydrogen bonding forces strongest?
When the 2 atoms bonding are Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Florine
What is an Ion dipole interaction?
a very strong interaction between a full formal charge and a dipole
depends somewhat on the strength of the dipole
What is an electrostatic interaction?
ionic interactions between a cationic portion and ionic portion
effective at distances father than the other types
persists longer than the other types
Name the forces from weakest to strongest
van der waals
dipole-dipole
hydrogen bonding
ion-dipole
electrostatic interactions
covalent bonds
