Pharm Test 3 Flashcards
what is a natriuretic?
something that gets rid of sodium
water follows
sodium
what are the main targets of diuretics?
- membrane transport proteins(most common)
- water permeable segments of nephrons (Osmotic diuretics)
- enzyme inhibition (Carbonic anhydrase)
- interference with hormone receptors (RAAS)
which diabetic drug can be used as a diuretic?
SGLT2 inhibitors
how do we get down excess ammonia?
we convert it to urea(made in the liver) and then excrete it through the kidneys
Macro anatomy of the urinary tract
renal artery, vein, and ureter exits through the hilum.
ureter comes from the kidney on both sides and connects with the urinary bladder.
the urethra comes from the bladder and exits the body
what is the outer portion of the kidney called?
cortex
what is the inner portion of the kidney called?
medulla (has medullary pyramids)
where does the nephron start?
at the bowman’s capsule
the medulla has a very different ______ than what is in the cortex. This effects how much water is going to be absorbed into the ureter vs. blood stream
osmolality
what is the primary function of the glomerulus?
filtration
most of what gets filtered in the glomerulus gets
reabsorbed later on
if the glomerulus can’t get rid of something, how does it exit the body?
it gets secreted in another area of the nephron
The renal corpuscle has what 2 components?
the outer component: the capsule. Called bowman’s capsule
the blood component: glomerulus. Efferent and Afferent arterioles
what comes after the bowman’s capsule?
the proximal convoluted renal tubule
what comes after the proximal convoluted renal tubule?
what are it’s different parts?
the Loop of Henle
Thick descending
thin descending
thin ascending
thick ascending
which part of the nephron is in the medulla?
loop of Henle
which part of the nephron is in the cortex?
everything above the loop of henle
what comes after the loop of henle? What does it dump into?
the distal convoluted tubule. dumps into the collecting tubules which turn into the collecting ducts as more and more tubules feed into it
If we see a lot of protein in the urine we would think
that something is wrong with the kidney
the distal tubule passes by the ________. Why is this important?
bowman’s capsule
The macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus sense sodium delivery and overall fluid pressure and these can activate the RAAS system. Can also regulate the blood flow into the glomerulus directly by increasing or decreasing the size of the afferent arteriole.
where are glomeruluri ONLY found?
in the cortex
wrapped around the proximal distal convoluted tubules are the what? and what are the responsible for?
peritubular capillaries
secretion and reabsorption
What is the capillary system that wraps around the loop of henle? what is it responsible for?
vasa recta
osmolality changes, reabsorbing ions that are going to be taken back up into the medulla as opposed to the cortex