A&P Test 1 Flashcards
Where is cholesterol found?
In the cell wall
Is the cell wall a good place for storage?
Yes, of fatty things.
When is cholesterol fluid rather than rigid?
in low temperatures <37c
*think icecream
How much cholesterol is endogenous?
80%
How much cholesterol is exogenous?
20%
What does statins do?
Reduces the amount of cholesterol being produced by the endogenous system by interfering with the whole cholesterol synthesis pathway.
What is acetyl-CoA?
Big sugary compounds (byproducts of metabolism) that the body can take to use as a substrate to build other things, including cholesterol.
(note that the body often has similar chemical precursors for many outcomes)
How does acetyl-CoA produce ATP?
From glucose and oxygen
What is at the top of the list of things that cholesterol can be turned into?
Sex hormones
What are the sex hormones?
Estradiol E2
Testosterone
Progesterone
What is a precursor to testosterone?
Androstenedione
an·drow·stee·nuh·dee·own
What are the hormones that we talked about that come from cholesterol?
sex hormones
sex hormones precursors
stress hormones
Where are stress hormones made?
The adrenal glands
What are the stress hormones?
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Why don’t stress hormones have “distinct activity”?
They are so similar in shape that their activity isn’t relegated to one kind of receptor. The compound may have different effects on different receptors.
What is required to change a parent compound of cholesterol to a specific hormone?
Enzymes
What does Phosphatidyl refer to?
phospholipid
What are the 4 phosphatidyl compounds?
Phosphatidylinositol
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phosphatidylcholine
What is the abbreviation for Phosphatidylinositol?
PI
What is the abbreviation for Phosphatidylserine?
cytosolic
What is the abbreviation for Phosphatidylethanolamine?
PE
What is the abbreviation for Phosphatidylcholine?
PCh
What to do the phosphatidyl groups play a role in?
surfactant
Besides surfactant, what can the phosphatidyl groups be involved in?
Signal transduction processes inside of the cell, or storage of something that can be used for signal transduciton.i.e.inositol is used for smooth muscle contraction