A&P final Flashcards
Roles of the kidneys:
- manager of blood pressure
- manger of pH
- hematocrit
- electrolyte regulator
- Vitamin D regulator
- long term blood glucose levels manager
- some drug clearance
- LT metabolic waste disposal
- osmolarity regulator
if someone has long term High blood pressure then something is wrong with their
kidneys
kidney’s roles in managing pH
- decides how much HCO3- to get rid of
- source of HCO3-
- in charge of getting rid of excess protons
what is the short term pH regulator system?
the lungs
- They get rid of CO2 which helps lower the pH but they cannot get rid of excess protons
How do the kidneys help control the hematocrit?
The deep medullary structures in the kidneys detect low Oxygen levels and releases erythropoietin (EPO) which acts to stimulate the bone marrow to increase RBC production. This should fix the low oxygen problem and increases HCT.
Why is it that you are thirsty a couple of hours after eating a pizza?
The intestines just reabsorbs all the Na+. The kidney has to excrete it.
How do we maintain Ca++ levels via the kidneys?
The kidneys choose how much to reabsorb.
They also kidney activate Vit. D to help us absorb Ca++ from the food we eat
What is the kidneys role in managing long term glucose levels?
The more we filter the more we reabsorb. If BG is a high then the kidney reabsorbs it.
But if BG is really high for a long time (like 900) then it is way higher than the transport/reabsorption max so the kidney’s get rid of it
What is the safety or blow off valve when we have really high blood glucose levels?
the kidney
The kidney doesn’t process many drugs, but when it does, how does it work?
secretory process
A pt. that has long term severe diabetes, what do they produce besides glucose that the kidney is in charge of clearing?
Nitrogenous products like urea
How does the body regulate osmolarity?
by choosing to hang on to or get rid of salt and/or water
If NaCl is high in the body then kidney regulates this by:
get rid of salt and hold onto water
The kidney has the ability to _______ between sodium and water and therefore can pick and choose what to get rid of and what to hold on to. What is this regulated by?
differentiate
ADH and osmoreceptors in the brain
What is the order of the renal blood vessels from renal arteries to renal veins?
renal artery
—split—
segmental arteries
interlobar arteries
arcuate arteries
interlobular arteries
afferent arterioles
glomerular capillaries
efferent arterioles
peritubular capillaries
—converge—
interlobular veins
arcuate veins
interlobar veins
segmental veins
renal veins
What is the purpose of the tubular system
To reabsorb stuff that has been filtered and to secrete things to get rid of in the urine
What is a collection of blood vessels plus the tubular capillaries?
a nephron
How many nephrons do you have at birth?
2 million
1 million in each kidney
At what age do you start to lose nephrons?
40 yr/old
What is the basic functional unit of kidney?
nephron
What are the 2 types of nephrons?
superficial nephrons
deep nephrons -medullary nephrons
about ____% of nephrons are cortical
90-95%
what % of neprhons are deep medullary neprhons?
5-10%
The top of the cortical nephrons will be in the _______
cortex