Section 3, Chapter 2 - Aerodrome Surfaces & Surface Movements

Question 1

What are the responsibilities and procedures for managing the main apron at ATC?

Answer 1

Responsibilities:

• Ensure safe management of pushbacks.
• Minimize overall delays.
• Prioritize Off-Blocks time (EOBT) performance over On-Stand times.

Procedures:

• Crews may declare anticipated readiness to aid ATC planning, but ATC is not obliged to act on this information.
• Confirm aircraft is on the anticipated stand before pushback (usually via pilot report).
• Inform all outbound IFR aircraft of:
• Current ATIS letter.
• Pressure.
• Runway in use.
• During pushback, provide:
• Pushback spot.
• Direction to face if pushing onto Taxiway Lima.

Apron Areas:

• Area A: Stands 9 to 15.
• Area B: Stands 16 to 24.
• Area C: Stands 25 to 29 and Stands 1F - 6F.

Question 2

What are the procedures and responsibilities for pushback manoeuvres at ATC according to the BIAL Director’s Notice?

Answer 2

Standard Pushback Compliance:

• ATC must comply with standard pushback manoeuvres as defined in the Director’s Notice.
• Facilitate simultaneous aircraft movements by following specific instructions.

Non-Standard Pushbacks:

• Request Conditions:
• Ground and flight crews may request non-standard pushbacks for operational reasons (e.g., WIP, weather).
• Any non-standard pushback must have ADM approval.
• Unauthorized non-standard pushbacks must be reported to ADM for investigation.
• Specific Push Requests:
• Crews may request a specific push to facilitate operations (e.g., cross-bleed start).

Engine Start on Stand:

• If an aircraft requests to start engines on stand before pushback or self-manoeuvring, no other aircraft is permitted to push/pull behind that aircraft.

Tug Release Points (TRPs) or Spots:

• Defined stop points for pushbacks where the nose-wheel is expected to finish:
• Area A: TRP X
• Area C: TRPs Y & Z
• Lima Taxiway: TRPs L1-L7, spaced along and usable from any stand as appropriate.

ATC Pushback Specifications:

• ATC specifies the pushback TRP:
• Example Phraseology:
• “[Callsign], start approved, pushback spot L4, face east.”
• “[Callsign], start approved, pushback and pull forward to L4 facing west.”

Simultaneous Pushbacks and Taxi Instructions:

• ATC determines the viability of simultaneous pushbacks and taxi instructions, especially when ground crews are not using headsets or TRPs are obscured.
• Ensure safe simultaneous pushbacks (e.g., Stand 14 to L2 and Stand 22 to L4) under such conditions.

Question 3

What are the procedures for pushbacks and taxiing in Area A?

Answer 3

• Pushback Spots: Aircraft may be pushed to Spot X or any appropriate Spot on Lima taxiway.
• Pushback and Hold: ATC may instruct an aircraft to push back and hold to allow another aircraft to park on stands 9, 10, 14, or 15.
• Example Phraseology: “EZY123, start approved, pushback only due to inbound traffic, report ready to pull forward.”
• Opposite Direction Taxiing: Once an outbound aircraft from Area A is at the designated ‘spot’ on Lima, opposite direction aircraft may taxi into the cul-de-sac.

Question 3

What are the procedures for pushbacks onto Lima taxiway (Spots L1 to L7) and the conditions for multiple and simultaneous pushbacks?

Answer 3

Pushback Procedures:

• Direction Specified: ATC must specify the direction the aircraft must face upon completion of the pushback.
• Example: “RYR123 Push and start approved stand 16, spot L3, face east.”
• Spot Specification: Specify the Spot at which the aircraft should be stopped on Lima taxiway.

Multiple and Simultaneous Pushbacks/Pull-Forwards:

• Conflict Avoidance: Ensure aircraft are not in conflict, using conditional clearances if required. Confirm the first aircraft to push is turned in the correct direction before authorizing the second.
• Adjacent Spots: Pushbacks to adjacent TRPs are allowed only if the lead aircraft is Lower Medium or smaller.
• TRP Separation for Taxiing:
• B747/B777: 3 vacant TRPs behind.
• Other Heavy or Upper Medium: 2 vacant TRPs behind.
• Lower Medium: 1 vacant TRP behind.
• If these minima cannot be achieved, the tug crew must vacate Lima before the lead aircraft can taxi.
• Size Uncertainty: If in doubt about the size of the aircraft, seek advice from the ADM.
• Visibility: All pertinent aircraft must be visible to ATC at all times.
• Restrictions: Aircraft cannot be pulled to L1 or L7.
• Compliance: Aircraft pushing onto Lima from Areas A & C must comply with these requirements.
• Taxi Priority: Aircraft pushed onto Lima from Area A or C shall taxi ahead of those pushed to X or Y respectively, unless the ground crew of the aircraft on Lima have vacated the manoeuvring area.

Special Note:
Aircraft pushing from Stand 18 to face west must be pushed at least as far back as L2.

Question 4

What are the specific restrictions and procedures for aircraft vacating at Bravo onto Lima taxiway?

Answer 4

General Requirement:

• ATC permission is required for aircraft to vacate at Bravo.

Restrictions and Cautions:

• Aircraft pushing back to or stationary at LIMA 3 preclude any aircraft from vacating RWY 07/25 at BRAVO onto LIMA.
• Exercise caution when vacating at BRAVO with an aircraft pushing to LIMA 2 or LIMA 4.

Specific Restrictions:

Pushing to Face East (L4):

• Aircraft of lower-medium wake turbulence category (or higher) needing to taxi eastbound on LIMA must wait until the aircraft pushing back is stationary at LIMA 4.

Pushing to Face West (L2):

• Aircraft inbound to stands 16A & 17 must wait until the aircraft pushing back is stationary at LIMA 2.
• Aircraft of lower-medium wake turbulence category (or higher) needing to taxi onto stand 16 (due to proximity) or westbound on LIMA (due to jet blast) must wait until the ground crew have vacated LIMA.

Note:
When vacating RWY 07/25 at BRAVO, the entire aircraft must be north of holding point BRAVO before subsequent 07/25 landing or take-off clearance can be issued.

Question 5

What are the procedures for pushbacks and taxiing in Area C?

Answer 5

Pushback Spots:

• Aircraft may be pushed to Spot Y, Z, or any appropriate Spot on Lima taxiway.

Pushback and Hold:

• For TRP Y: ATC may instruct an aircraft to push back and hold to allow another aircraft to park on stand 25 or 26.
• Example Phraseology: “EZY456, start approved, pushback only due to inbound traffic, report ready to pull forward.”

Restrictions:

• If an aircraft is pushed to L7, no other aircraft is to be taxied into or out of stands 25 - 6F (inclusive) unless ATC has confirmed that Ground Crew have vacated the taxiway.

Question 6

What are the procedures and restrictions for using TRP Zulu for pushbacks and remote holding?

Answer 6

Use of TRP Zulu:

• Eligible Aircraft: Narrow-body aircraft only (except those parked on Stand 3F).
• Precludes Movements: Aircraft pushing back to Z preclude movements into stands 27/27A until the aircraft is stationary at TRP Z. Aircraft may push from Stand 27 onto Lima Taxiway.

Pushback Permissions:

• Stands 25 & 26: May push back to Y or Lima.
• Stands 28-29A, 1F & 6F: May push back onto Lima.

Taxi Permissions:

• Stands 25-29A, 1F & 6F: Aircraft may be taxied onto these stands.

ATC Responsibilities:

• Manage conflictions between aircraft pushing to TRP Z and other aircraft.
• Advise aircraft to use minimum power until turning onto Lima prior to taxi.

Question 7

What are the procedures for a non-standard pushback from Stand 25A to Spot L6 during 07 operations?

Answer 7

Non-Standard Pushback:

• Applicable Aircraft: B747 (or similar size) aircraft.
• Reason: Due to performance issues with the tugs.
• Pushback Maneuver: Involves several small push/pull maneuvers (effectively a 3-point turn) as the tug has insufficient power to complete the pushback in a single maneuver.
• Time Consideration: This non-standard pushback will take longer to complete.

ATC Coordination:

• ATC will have prior notice from the ADM regarding any requirement for a non-standard pushback.

Standard Pushback for Runway 25:

• Spot L7: Pushback to L7 for runway 25 is not affected and can be completed in a single maneuver.

Question 8

What are the procedures for aircraft repositioning and remote holding?

Answer 8

Remote Holding Requests:

• Coordination: All requests should be coordinated with BIAL Control Centre.
• Permitted Locations:
• On a stand or point approved by BIAL Control Centre.
• At a designated pushback point.

Commencement of Maneuver:

• Permission Request: Pilot/Follow Me vehicle shall be requested to “report ready to reposition” to avoid confusion.

Repositioning with Engineer at Controls:

• Control Centre Notification: The Control Centre will inform ATC of the intention to reposition an aircraft with an engineer at the controls.
• Follow Me Vehicle: BIAL will provide a Follow Me vehicle for the maneuver and all associated RTF requirements.

Question 9

What is the restriction on aircraft self-manoeuvring off a nose-in stand?

Answer 9

• Restriction: Jet aircraft are not permitted to self-manoeuvre off a nose-in stand.
• Approval Requirement: Prior approval from BIAL Control Centre is required for such maneuvers.

Question 10

What are the procedures and restrictions for ground running of aircraft engines?

Answer 10

Approval Requirements:

• ATC must not grant permission for engine ground runs without prior approval from the BIAL Operations Control Centre.
• Exception: Idle power runs by Military and PSNI aircraft on dispersal do not require prior approval.

High Power Engine Runs:

• Authorization: All engine runs above ground idle must be authorized by the ADM.
• Location: Agreed between ADM and ATC (e.g., south of the entrance to TWY Echo on Runway 17/35 or Delta taxiway). Exceptions may be made for light aircraft.
• Time Restrictions: High power engine runs are not permitted between 2300 hrs and 0600 hrs (local).

Safety Considerations:

• Hazard Warning: Aircraft carrying out ground testing of engines may constitute a hazard to smaller aircraft taxiing behind them. ATC should pass a warning to both pilots.

Question 11

What are the procedures for coordinating runway use and handling runway closures?

Answer 11

Runway in Use:

• Coordination: ADC will coordinate with APC to determine the runway in use.

Runway Closure:

• FAT Deselection: When a runway is withdrawn from service, the relevant FAT (Final Approach Track) shall be deselected on the ATM (Air Traffic Management system).

Question 12

What are the procedures for using a non-duty runway (Non-Promulgated Duty Runway or Opposite End Approaches)?

Answer 12

Applicable Aircraft:

• Only Category A aircraft or aircraft conducting ILS/AGL flight checks may approach the non-duty runway.

For All Other Arrivals or Departures:

• Full Runway Change: Must be completed as per unit checklist ATC/FORM/203.

Radar Responsibilities:

• Hold Arrivals: Hold arrivals at the BEL.
• Inbound Aircraft: Do not permit inbound aircraft to establish on the FAT until the last departure is airborne and is 5 NM or greater from the FAT.
• Vertical Separation: Provide vertical separation between the arrival and departure until the departure:
• Is airborne.
• Has been identified and radar can ensure a minimum of 5 NM lateral separation.

Note: When coordinating a runway change, ATCOs must give sufficient notice to complete the checklist.

Question 13

What are the procedures for runway safeguarding when issuing clearances?

Answer 13

Clearance Instructions:

• All clearances issued by ADC must contain explicit instructions to cross any runway, including non-active runways.
• Example: “[Helicopter Callsign], take-off at your discretion, cross runway 17.”

Progressive Taxi Instructions:

• Issue progressive taxi instructions to reduce pilot workload and potential confusion.
• Example: “[Callsign], taxi holding point Charlie 1, expect Runway 07 for departure.”

Question 14

What are the procedures for protecting active runways during vehicle movements?

Answer 14

Vehicle Movements on Non-Active Cross Runways:

• Vehicles moving away from the active runway may continue as per ATC clearance to vacate at an intermediate point or hold at the threshold away from the intersection.
• Runway inspection vehicles moving towards the active runway may continue if they have been issued with and acknowledged an ATC instruction to vacate at a published exit on the non-active runway before the intersection.
• Vehicles cleared to cross the E or F1 holding points to enter Runway 17/35 but restricted to operate on Foxtrot taxiway only are excluded from the above requirements.
• Vehicles may be instructed to cross the inactive runway.

Holding Position:

• In all other circumstances, vehicles must be instructed to stop and hold position clear of active runways.
• Once the departure is airborne or the arrival has landed, vehicles may be instructed to continue inspection duties, with any restrictions re-emphasized if required.

Low Visibility Procedures (LVPs):

• During LVPs, vehicles must be held behind a lit stopbar, and the above procedure is not permitted.

Associated Phraseology:

• If a vehicle is instructed to stop and hold on a runway due to aircraft movements, the phrase to recommence tasks should be: “…resume inspection…”
• Example: “Bird 2 holding on 35 threshold due to departing traffic runway 25.”
• Sample phraseology: “ATC: Bird 2, resume inspection runway 35, enter runway 25.”

Workload Management:
ADC may restrict the number of vehicles permitted on the runways due to workload.

Question 15

What are the criteria for assessing whether a runway is vacated under CAT I conditions?

Answer 15

Runway Infringement:

• A runway is infringed if any part of a vehicle, an aircraft, personnel, or a movable obstruction is:
• Beyond a stopbar/holding point on a taxiway/runway or access road (e.g., Romeo).
• Beyond a toblerone or yellow sign (e.g., slip roads in front of and west of the tower).
• Proceeding to, or at the 35 Break Out Gate.

Runway Not Infringed:

• A runway is not infringed if every part of a vehicle, an aircraft, personnel, or a movable obstruction is:
• Observed to have passed the holding point applicable to that runway.
• At ATC equipment sites (e.g., ILS, IRVR, Manual RVR sites).
• Reporting vacated at the DA1, ‘Old Bravo’ or ‘Old Delta’.
• Working in a grass area and has reported vacated.

Uncertain Situations:

• In all other cases, do not let the aircraft/vehicle/person move until the ADM has assessed the situation. The ADM is the only individual qualified to judge whether the runway is infringed or not.

CAT II/III Conditions:
* Refer to MATS 2 Section 1, Chapter 16.

Question 16

What are the procedures for entry into runway critical areas and handling ‘restricted area’ terminology?

Answer 16

General:

• The term ‘Restricted Area’ does not exist in CAA documentation regarding the ILS/Airfield.
• If a vehicle requests permission to enter the ‘LOC Restricted Area’, ADC shall challenge the use of the term ‘restricted area’.

Entry into Critical Areas:

• Permission: Must be obtained from the Duty Engineering Officer during hours of manning.
• Before Entry: Ensure TELS has switched off the associated ILS.
• It may be possible to turn off the glide path and provide localiser-only approaches.
• If TELS are unmanned, ATC may need to switch the ILS ON/OFF to permit entry.
• Use the ‘Emergency ILS Shutdown/Restore’ procedure as described in Section 5, 4.2.5.

Considerations Before Switching ILS OFF:

• Current and forecast weather.
• Traffic situation/training details/types of aircraft.
• If any part of the ILS is inadvertently tripped by a vehicle entering the critical area, switch off the ILS immediately. Do not allow the Glide Path to radiate without an associated Localiser.

Helicopter Operations:

• Helicopters should not operate in or close to the critical areas to avoid causing localiser or glide path equipment failure.

Question 17

What are the coordination procedures for grass cutting within runway critical areas?

Answer 17

Coordination Required:

• Coordination will take place between BIAL, ADM, ATC, and Engineering to determine if grass cutting within critical areas is permissible.

Considerations:

• Present and forecast weather conditions.
• Equipment serviceability.
• Scheduled traffic movements.
• Any planned training commitments.
• ATCO workload.

Question 18

What are the procedures regarding the use of the access road beside the 25 LOC near the critical area?

Answer 18

• Access Road Usage: The access road beside the 25 LOC (from old D) does not infringe the 25 LOC Critical Area.
• No Permission Required: Vehicles do not require permission to use this road, provided they remain clear of the critical area.
• Notification: BIAL staff may advise ATC of their intentions before entering this road.
• ATC Reminder: In such cases, ADC shall remind the vehicle to “remain clear of the critical area.”

Question 19

What are the critical areas for Runway 17 and 25 ILS, and the procedures for protecting the 17 ILS?

Answer 19

Critical Areas (Figures 6 & 7):

• 25 Localiser Critical Area
• 25 Glide Path Critical Area
• 17 Localiser Critical Area
• 17 Glide Path Critical Area

Protection of 17 ILS:

• Runway 35 Turning Circle: Lies within the RWY 17 ILS Localiser critical area.
• Runway 17 Operations: Aircraft should only enter the RWY 17 ILS Critical Area if executing a 180° turn prior to backtracking RWY 17.
• Helicopter Manoeuvres: ATCOs shall not authorise helicopter manoeuvres in this area unless the RWY 17 ILS is switched off.

Question 20

What are the procedures for multiple IFR arrivals on ILS Runway 17?

Answer 20

Critical Area Clearance:

• While an aircraft is in or requires entry into the localiser critical area, no aircraft may be allowed to establish or be instructed to establish on the RWY 17 ILS.
• INT and ADC must coordinate to ensure the critical area is clear before an aircraft is given a heading to establish.

Recommended Spacing:

• Recommended spacing for RWY 17 arrivals is 15 NM.

ATIS Broadcast:

• When RWY 17 is in use and the ILS is serviceable, broadcast the following message on the ATIS:
• “Due to ILS Localiser protection criteria, ATC are required to provide increased spacing between RWY17 arrivals. Pilots should anticipate the possibility of extended routings and increased potential for holding.”

Question 21

What is the restriction for backtracking aircraft on Runway 17 regarding 180° turns?

Answer 21

Aircraft of size B737/A319 or greater are not permitted to carry out 180° turns on RWY 17 outside the 35 turning circle unless prior permission is received from the ADM.

Question 22

What should ATC be aware of when instructing pilots to ‘Descend on the ILS’ for Runway 17?

Answer 22

• Instruction Impact: When instructed to ‘Descend on the ILS,’ the pilot will select ‘Approach Mode,’ causing the autopilot to follow the Glidepath.
• Critical Area Interference: Fluctuations in the Glidepath (GP) signal may occur due to the presence of aircraft or vehicles in the GP Critical Area.
• Indications: These fluctuations may give ‘Fly-Up’ or ‘Fly-Down’ indications.
• Pilot Response: Such indications may cause the pilot to abandon the approach.
• Potential Danger: In extreme circumstances, these indications could cause an aircraft to follow potentially dangerous paths.

Question 23

What actions must ADC take to protect the 17 Glide Path Critical Area when an inbound aircraft is 10NM or less from touchdown?

Answer 23

Ensure Clearance: ADC shall ensure that no aircraft or vehicle is within the 17 Glide Path Critical Area when an inbound aircraft is 10 NM or less from touchdown.

Exceptions:

• The Captain of the inbound aircraft has agreed to continue visually.
• The Captain of the inbound aircraft has been advised that some distortion to the Glide Path signal may occur.

Question 24

What is the restriction regarding landing clearance for ILS Runway 17 in relation to the transitional slope?

Answer 24

• Landing Clearance Restriction: Landing clearance for ILS RWY 17 shall not be issued until Heavy or above wake category aircraft taxiing eastbound on taxiway CHARLIE are east of C2.
• Westbound Taxiing: This restriction does not apply to aircraft taxiing westbound, which may hold at C1 without restriction.

Question 25

What are the operating procedures for the traffic lights on the road south of Runway 35 threshold?

Answer 25

Traffic Light Operation:

• Departing 35 (Jet Aircraft): Traffic lights ON - 3 minutes before departure.
• All Other Movements: Traffic lights OFF.

Failure of Traffic Lights:

• Cease Jet Departures: Stop 35 jet departures.
• Report Failure: Report the failure to the Control Centre, who will contact the duty electrician for repairs.
• Re-commence Jet Departures: Runway 35 jet departures can resume once the traffic light fault is repaired or BIAL has implemented an alternative method of vehicular traffic control.

Question 26

What is the Standard Airport Taxi Route (SATR) for IFR arrivals on Runway 25?

Answer 26

Standard Procedure:

• All IFR arrivals on Runway 25 planned to park at the main terminal should:
• After landing, vacate right onto Runway 35.
• Turn right onto taxiway Charlie.
• Hold at holding point C2 unless further ATC taxi clearance has been issued.
• ATC Instructions: ATC shall issue further progressive taxi instructions once the aircraft has vacated Runway 25.
• Unavailability: If the SATR is not available, this procedure shall be withdrawn.

Flexibility:

• This procedure does not prevent ATC from issuing alternate tactical instructions as required.
• Pilots may vacate tactically as circumstances dictate.

Question 27

What are the procedures and phraseology for landing traffic on Runway 07 to reduce the possibility of confusion with EGAL?

Answer 27

Runway 07 Lighting:

• Runway 07 Approach and runway lights will be selected regardless of weather conditions.
• BIAL requests that airfield lighting be switched off whenever conditions permit.

ATIS Phraseology:

• When Runway 07 is in use during daylight hours, the following phrase must be broadcast on the ATIS:
• “There is an airfield with a similar runway near to the final approach track at DME 3NM. Runway 07 at Belfast International Airport is lighted.”

Conditions for Additional Phraseology:

• If the ATIS message is not being broadcast, or
• The ATM is out of service, or
• The AFDA or approach path monitor are unserviceable, or
• An arriving IFR flight is on a visual or VOR approach, then:

Radar Controller Phraseology:

• When transferring an aircraft to ADC:
• “[Callsign], caution Langford Lodge, contact Tower 118.3”

ADC Phraseology:

• ADC will ask the inbound aircraft to “Report the runway lights in sight.”

Question 28

What are the procedures for runway intersection departures on Runway 07/25 and holding on Runway 17?

Answer 28

Holding on Runway 17:

• ATC shall not instruct an aircraft to hold on Runway 17 at the holding point north of Runway 25/07 due to parallax error affecting the ability to determine if the aircraft is at the designated holding point.

Line-Up Instructions for Runway 07/25:

• ATC shall only instruct an aircraft to line up on Runway 07/25 via the intersection from C or D taxiway if the aircraft can be given an uninterrupted taxi clearance from C1/D2.
• If uninterrupted taxi clearance cannot be achieved, the aircraft will be instructed to hold at C1/D2.
• This does not affect aircraft lining up for a Runway 17 departure from the threshold.

Question 29

How can ATC gauge the critical 300m/80kts mark for cancelling take-off clearance at Aldergrove?

Answer 29

Critical 300m/80kts Gauging Points:

• General Reference: Equivalent of 6 consecutive edge lights on all runways.

Runway-Specific References:

• Runway 25 Full Length Departures: Abeam the glide path aerial.
• Runway 25 Bravo Departures: Just east of the Antrim Crossing North.
• Runway 17 Full Length Departures: The Aiming Point markings.
• Runway 07 Full Length Departures: The Aiming Point markings.
• Runway 07 Intersection Departures: Just west of the Antrim Crossing North.
• Runway 35 Full Length Departures: The ‘J’ to ‘F’ link.

Note: Due to parallax error, be particularly cautious when judging the critical 80kt/300m mark for aircraft departing full length of Runway 25.

Question 30

What are the procedures for operating stop bars and the AGL panel at Aldergrove?

Answer 30

Stop Bars:

• Available Holding Points: Listed in the AIP.
• CAT III Holding Points: A2, D1, and J1.
• Vehicle-Only Holding Point: Romeo.

‘Ring of Red’ Procedure:

• Traffic Movements: Runway access stop bars should only be deselected to facilitate traffic movements.
• Default Setting: Runway access stop bars shall be selected red at all other times, creating a “Ring of Red”.
• ECO Mode: Should only be used during night-time as this setting reduces stop bar visibility to 10%.

Operation of the AGL Panel:

• Reducing Workload: An ATCO may request OSS to operate the lighting panel.
• Runway 25/07 Centreline Lights: Should be used together with the runway edge lights whenever the runway edge lights are switched on and when the runway is in use.

Question 31

What are the example phraseologies and restrictions for using runway holding points at Aldergrove?

Answer 31

Example Phraseology:

• Runway 17: “[Callsign], enter runway 17, taxi to the holding point on runway 17, north of 25.”
• Runway 25: “[Callsign], enter runway 25 at B, taxi to the holding point on runway 25, east of 35.”
• Vehicle Instruction: “Bird 1, remain south of the holding point on runway 17.”

Restrictions on Use:

• Reiterate Clearance Limits: When a vehicle operating on a runway has been restricted by ADC, ADC must re-iterate the vehicle’s clearance limit immediately before each aircraft movement.
• RTF Loading: Due to potential RTF loading, ADC may restrict the number of vehicles permitted to use the intersection holding points.

Question 32

What is the procedure for dealing with an inoperable red stop bar at Aldergrove?

Answer 32

General Rule:

• Controllers should not instruct aircraft or vehicles to cross an inoperable stop-bar when used at runway and intermediate taxiway holding positions.

Contingency Procedure:

• If a stop bar fails to Red, use the contingency procedure as per MATS Part 1 (Section 2, Chapter 1, paragraph 11A.7).
• Use the phraseology from CAP 413 (Chapter 4, paragraph 4.13) in conjunction with the contingency procedure.

Question 33

What should ATC do if there is a restriction or doubt about the suitability of a taxiway or stand for a specific aircraft?

Answer 33

• Check with Aerodrome Authority: If there is a restriction on the maximum size of an aircraft able to use a specific taxiway or doubt about the suitability of a taxiway for a particular aircraft, ATC should check with the Aerodrome Authority.
• Stand Suitability: The Aerodrome Authority is responsible for ensuring that an allocated stand can accommodate the aircraft being parked.

Question 34

What are the procedures for using Foxtrot Taxiway and DA2 regarding Runway 17/35?

Answer 34

Runway Holding Points:

• E and F1: Designated as Runway holding points.
• Foxtrot Taxiway and DA2: Within the protected dimensions of Runway 17/35.
• Runway Blocker Strip: Use the associated runway blocker strip when providing clearance into this area.

Clearance Instructions:

• Specific Clearance: Clearance to cross the E or F1 holds from the military apron must include a specific clearance to enter Runway 17/35, using the words “Enter/Cross/Line-up Runway 17/35”.
• Additional Routing Instructions: The clearance can also include specific routing instructions or clearance limits.
• Example: “Southbound on Taxiway FOXTROT to the 17 LLZ” or “to remain on Taxiway FOXTROT only”.

Question 35

What are the restrictions and procedures for using the southern portion of Taxiway Foxtrot (from DA2 to Runway 17/35 opposite the Juliet Turnoff)?

Answer 35

Accommodation of Wide Body Aircraft:

• The DA2 can legally and physically accommodate ‘Wide Body’ aircraft.
• Can be used to route aircraft off the runway, into the DA2, and then re-enter by the reverse route back onto the runway.

Steering Limitations:

• A330 and A340 Aircraft:
• Cannot make a left turn off RWY 17 to park in the DA2 using Taxiway Foxtrot.
• Must proceed to RWY 35 Turning Circle before backtracking and making a right turn onto Taxiway Foxtrot.

No Restrictions:

• A340 Aircraft: Steering limitations do not restrict A340 aircraft re-entering RWY 35 from Taxiway Foxtrot/DA2.

Question 36

What are the restrictions for using the northern portion of Taxiway Foxtrot?

Answer 36

Restrictions:

• Wingspan and Gear Span Limits: Only aircraft with a wingspan of less than 36 meters and specific outer main gear spans may use the northern portion of Taxiway Foxtrot, which is only 15 meters wide.

Table of Aircraft Permitted to Use Northern Portion of Taxiway Foxtrot:

Aircraft Type Main Gear Span (m) Wingspan (m)
* SH36 4.24 22.80
* BA46 4.72 26.34
* B737 (excluding 800 series) 5.23 28.35 - 34.3
* F100 5.04 28.47
* FK27 7.70 29.00
* FK50 7.20 29.09
* BATP 8.46 30.63
* A748 8.05 31.23
* MD83 5.08 32.87
* B722 5.63 32.92
* A320 7.59 33.91

Question 37

What are the restrictions on the use of Echo Taxiway?

Answer 37

Portion Closed to Aircraft:

• The portion of Echo taxiway north of the Officer’s Mess is closed to aircraft.

Vehicle Restrictions:

• Vehicles must be kept clear of this portion when aircraft are landing or departing Runway 25/07 as it infringes the 25/07 instrument strip.

Question 38

What are the procedures and restrictions for using Taxiway Bravo?

Answer 38

Blocking Runway 25/07:

• Any aircraft that has vacated Runway 25/07 at Bravo is considered to be blocking the runway until it has passed through the Bravo Holding Point.
• No further aircraft shall be permitted to land/take off until the tail of the preceding aircraft has passed through the Bravo Holding Point.

Taxiing Behind Aircraft at Bravo:

• No aircraft is permitted to taxi behind an aircraft holding at Bravo.
• Ops and Bird Vehicles may hold at Bravo while an aircraft is taxiing behind.
• Larger vehicles (e.g., Fire Tender, Sweeper, Fuel Bowser) are not permitted to hold at Bravo while an aircraft is taxiing behind.

Local Airline Operators’ Preference:

• Preference is not to delay an aircraft taxiing onto stand to facilitate a more expeditious departure from Bravo.

Question 39

What are the restrictions and procedures for using the Antrim Crossing North?

Answer 39

Usage Restrictions:

• The Antrim Crossing North must not be used by any vehicle to enter or vacate the runway except in exceptional circumstances such as:
• During an emergency situation.
• Through prearrangement with the ADM for crossing Runway 07-25 with a convoy or slow-moving vehicles.

Preferred Routing for RFFS during Blue Light
Domestic Turnout:

• Primary Routing: Romeo to enter RW25 and vacate at Bravo.
• Secondary Routing: Old Bravo if the first option is unavailable.

Fire Vehicles:

• Fire vehicles are approved for Free Ranging to assist with apron conflictions.

Question 40

What are the procedures for notifying ATC of an impending taxiway closure?

Answer 40

Assessment by On-Duty WM:

• Assess the notification against this procedure.

Promulgation:

• If the procedure encapsulates the entirety of the closure notification or safety statement, the closure should be promulgated by OPNOT.
• If any element of the closure is not covered by this procedure, consider an APSA and TOI.

Advance Arrangements:

• Make advance arrangements with Antrim Sector, PC Flow, and the ADM.

Associated Runway Closure:

• If the taxiway closure is associated with a runway closure, follow the additional checks associated with a runway closure.

Question 41

What are the general procedures for a taxiway closure at Aldergrove?

Answer 41

Aircraft Movements:

• The affected taxiway is unavailable for aircraft movements unless approved by BIAL (ADM).

Vehicle Movements:

• The affected taxiway is unavailable for vehicle movements unless approved by BIAL (ADM).

Spacing on Final Approach:

• Must be actively coordinated between ADC and INT/FIN.
• Consider available taxiways, apron congestion, stand availability, forecast traffic levels, and forecast weather.
• Further guidance is provided for each taxiway later in the procedure.

AGL Fittings:

• Where practical, existing lead-off lights will be masked or blanked to avoid confusion.

Training Flights:

• Will be restricted and subject to agreement between ATC and the ADM.

EFPS (Electronic Flight Progress Strip):

• ADC should create a bespoke information strip on EFPS detailing restrictions pertinent to the taxiway closure.

BIAL Actions:

• Inform WM by telephone of planned runway closure time.
• Inform WM by telephone that the worksite will be delineated by suitable barriers where appropriate.
• ADM to issue relevant NOTAM.
• Inform the WM when the taxiway is available for operational use.

Duty WM Responsibilities:

• On receipt of confirmation of the planned closure time from the BIAL ADM:
• Inform Tower and Radar when the taxiway will be unavailable.
• Ensure an ATIS message is broadcast.
• Notify Antrim Sector at the earliest possible opportunity and agree on any requirement for increased spacing.
• Notify PC Flow at the earliest possible opportunity of any requirement for Flow Control (e.g., a 10-minute increase in taxi time affecting CTOT and reducing workload if there is congestion on the airfield). An arrival spacing of 15nm produces a landing rate of 10 per hour.

Question 42

What are the operational impacts and procedures for the withdrawal from service of Taxiway ALPHA?

Answer 42

Operational Impact:

• GAT Apron: Access dependent on where ALPHA is closed; coordination by Duty WM and ADM at the point of closure.
• L1 TRP: Not routinely available when ALPHA is closed to reduce the risk of jet blast toward possible WIP. Use of L1 to face west may be agreed tactically between ATC and ADM.
• L2 TRP: Alternate push-pull to L2 to face west is permitted from the Eastern cul-de-sac. Instruct aircraft to push into the cul-de-sac only (NOT push towards L1) and then pull forward to L2.

WIP Closure:

• Once the work site is established, works traffic will normally enter and exit the site from the MT slip road without needing to be under RT control by ATC. BIAL will coordinate any other route with ATC.

Arrival Gaps:

• RW25: 15nm gap for departure backtrack from BRAVO.
• RW07: 15nm gap to allow time for an arrival to vacate at BRAVO with a backtrack if required.
• RW17/35: Follow MATS Part 2, Section 3, Multiple IFR Arrival ILS RW17.

Question 43

What are the operational impacts and procedures for the withdrawal from service of Taxiway CHARLIE?

Answer 43

Operational Impact:

• L7 TRP: Not routinely available due to the risk of jet blast. Use of L7 to face east may be agreed tactically between ATC and ADM depending on closure location and reason.
• L6 TRP/Stand 3F: If L7 is unavailable, an aircraft may be pushed toward L7 and then pulled forward to L6 following tactical coordination between ATC and ADM. Instruct the aircraft not to start engines until at L6 to reduce the risk of jet blast toward possible WIP on Charlie taxiway.

Lead Off/On Lights:

• For anything other than short-term WIP or a temporary blockage, BIAL will blank off the lead off lights from 17 north onto Charlie and from C1 to the 17 centerline for the duration of the WIP.
• 17 north is available to vacate both day and night. The centerline lights between runway 17 north and runway 25 are bidirectional.

Arrival Gaps:

RWY 25:
* 10nm - No departures.
* 12nm - Departure from A1 and a Code C arrival to backtrack and vacate at BRAVO.
* 12nm - Backtrack from D1 to vacate at BRAVO.
* Code D aircraft and above prefer to use the 07 turning circle or vacate at D1.

RWY 07:
* 15nm - Arrival to vacate at A1 and a departure to backtrack from BRAVO.
* 10nm - Departing aircraft to backtrack from BRAVO routing via the RWY 35 intersection and taxiway DELTA, to hold at D1.
* 10nm - Departure at D1, with arrival to vacate at A1 (assumes BRAVO unavailable).

RWY 17/35:
* Follow MATS Part 2, Section 3, Multiple IFR Arrival ILS RWY 17.
* 15nm - ATCOs should consider the need for additional arrival spacing to facilitate a backtrack and the single access route via RWY 25 to the main apron.

Work in Progress (WIP):

• If CHARLIE is closed due to WIP, works traffic will normally enter and exit the worksite from Checkpoint 3 under R/T escort by BIAL and following a positive ATC clearance. BIAL will coordinate any other route with ATC.

Question 44

What are the operational impacts of the withdrawal from service of Taxiway LIMA or a portion thereof?

Answer 44

General Impacts:

• Closure Area: Taxiway LIMA closed east of BRAVO.
• GAT Apron: Accessible via ALPHA only.
• BRAVO Availability: Subject to agreement from BIAL (considering jet blast).

Specific Impacts:

• L1 - L2: Unavailable.
• L3 Availability: To be agreed with BIAL (considering jet blast when facing west).
• If L3 is Unavailable (RWY 07 in Use): Stands 21 - 24 will require non-standard pushback.
• Stands 9 - 17: Unavailable or require non-standard pushback/taxi/follow-me procedures as agreed with BIAL.
• Stand 18 (Departures for RWY 07): Subject to non-standard pushback/follow-me procedures as agreed with BIAL.

Question 45

What are the operational impacts of closing Taxiway LIMA between Stand 24 and Stand 15?

Answer 45

Impacts on Accessibility:

• Stands 9 - 15 and GAT Apron: Accessible via Taxiway Alpha only.
• Stands 1F - 6F and 25 - 29: Accessible via Taxiway Charlie.
• Stands 16 - 24: Unavailable or subject to non-standard pushback/follow-me procedures as agreed with BIAL.
• Taxiway BRAVO: Unavailable.
• L2 - L5: Unavailable.
• L6: Availability to be agreed with BIAL (considering jet blast).

Specific Stand Impact:

• Stand 3F: Unavailable if L6 is unavailable.

Question 46

What are the operational impacts of closing Taxiway LIMA west of BRAVO and east of Stand 24?

Answer 46

Impacts on Accessibility:

• GAT Apron and Stands 9 - 16: Accessible via ALPHA and BRAVO, remaining east of the closed area of LIMA.
• Stand 16: Can be pushed to either L2 facing west or Spot X-Ray.
• Stands 17 - 24: Access will be unavailable or subject to non-standard pushback/follow-me procedures as agreed with BIAL.
• Stands 25 - 29 and Stands 1F - 6F: Accessible via CHARLIE, remaining west of the closed area of LIMA.

Specific Impacts:

• L3 - L5: Unavailable.
• L6: Availability to be agreed with BIAL (considering jet blast).
• Stand 3F: Unavailable if L6 is unavailable.

Question 47

What are the key points to note about the closure of Taxiway LIMA west of Stand 25 and the accessibility of the GAT Apron and Stands 9-24?

Answer 47

Taxiway LIMA Closure: Closed west of Stand 25.
Accessible via ALPHA and BRAVO: GAT Apron and Stands 9-24.
Unavailable Stands:
* L5-L7.
* Stands 25-29.
* Stands 1F-6F.

Special Procedures:
* Stand 24: Non-standard pushback to L4 coordinated with BIAL.
* Stands 25-29 and Stands 1F-6F: Non-standard pushback/follow-me procedures with BIAL.

Arrival Gaps:
* Dictated by the portion of LIMA that is unavailable.
* Use arrival gap procedures for ALPHA and CHARLIE as guidance.
* Coordination of spacing by Tower and Radar ATCO as required.

Question 48

What are the operational impacts of withdrawing Taxiway DELTA or a portion of it from service?

Answer 48

DELTA Apron Access:
* Dependent on the location of DELTA closure.
* Coordination required between Duty WM and BIAL at the closure point.

Jet Blast Considerations:
* Aircraft near the works site on DELTA Apron need coordination with BIAL unless previously agreed.

Routing with DELTA Closed:
* West of DELTA Apron: Route via D2.
* East of DELTA Apron: Route via D1.
* ATCOs may need to hold aircraft on DELTA Apron for single access point facilitation.

Arrival Gaps:
* RW25: 15nm gap for aircraft needing full runway length before backtracking via the runway intersection; Code D and above prefer 07 turning circle.
* RW07: 15nm gap for departure from BRAVO or C1 to enter RWY17 and backtrack via the runway intersection.
* Coordination of spacing by Tower and Radar ATCO as required.

Question 49

What are the callsigns used by personnel authorized to operate airside on the airfield?

Answer 49

• BIA Managing Director: Director
• Safety and Security Director: OPS 1
• General Manager Operations: OPS 2
• ADMs: OPS 3-7
• ADM-Admin: OPS 8
• Ops Trainer: OPS 9
• ASCs: OPS 10-14
• RFFS: FIRE 1-6
• Bird Patrols: BIRD 1-2
• RAF Fire & Rescue: FIRE 10
• Apron Control: Apron
• Snow Clearance Officer: Snow Officer
• Snow Chief: Snow Chief
• BIA vehicles: Husky 1-6
• Lorries: Boxer 1-6
• Brushes: Sweeper 1-4
• Apron Sweeper: Sweeper 5
• Snow ploughs: Snow Plough 1-5
• Snow blowers: Snow Blow 1-2
• Sprayer: Sprayer
• Apron Buses: Bus 1-2
• Engineering: Eng 1-11 / Maintenance XX
• Works: Works 1-7
• Constabulary: Police Zulu 1-2 / X-Ray 1
• Follow Me Van: Follow Me
• BP Fuel Bowser: BP1
• ATC/Local engineering: Control xxxx
• NATS (non-local): Engineering Support
• HM Customs and Excise: Customs
• Woodgate: Woodgate Aviation/Mobile/Maintenance
• PSNI: Scout 3
• Global Trek Aviation: Global xx

Question 50

What are the ATC clearance procedures for drivers entering the manoeuvring area on the airfield?

Answer 50

• Initial Contact: Drivers must contact ATC by R/T stating their position and intended destination or task before entering the manoeuvring area.
• ATC Challenge: If initial contact is not made, ATC will challenge the vehicle on its position before issuing instructions.
• Clearances Issued: ATC provides specific clearances to enter taxiways, cross runways, or perform authorized work on the UHF frequency.
• Minimizing Runway Occupancy: ATC issues routes to minimize runway occupancy and reduce FOD risk.
• Exception: Military vehicles under RAF Operations in military areas are exempt.
• Radio Failure Protocol: Drivers should stay clear of runways and taxiways, flash headlights towards the tower, and await recovery arranged by BIA Operations Control Centre.
• Safety During Work: ATC issues pull-back instructions for vehicles/personnel working near the manoeuvring area before aircraft movements. ATC is not responsible for the safety of pedestrians who choose to remain in the area.

Question 51

What are the ATC clearance procedures for vehicles in a convoy on the airfield?

Answer 51

• Convoy Limit: Maximum of 6 vehicles per convoy.
• Larger Convoys: Require RT Escort vehicles at the front and back.
• Lead Vehicle: Acts as the r/t contact.
• Last Vehicle: Ensures all vehicles are contained and have vacated the area before reporting to ATC.
• Alternative Procedure: Closure of the manoeuvring area where the convoy will operate if necessary.

Question 52

What are the regulations for the use of the perimeter road and the control of the terminal apron area on the airfield?

Answer 52

Perimeter Road:

• Vehicles may use the perimeter road without R/T or ATC permission.
• The road is outside the instrument strip and remains open during LVPs (Low Visibility Procedures).

Terminal Apron Area:

• Controlled by the BIA Operations Control Centre.
• Vehicles do not need to be equipped with R/T.

Question 53

What are the regulations for military dispersal movements on ‘E’ Apron?

Answer 53

• Only authorized BIAL and Military vehicles are permitted on ‘E’ Apron.
• ATC staff can access ‘E’ Apron via the Perimeter road or the road next to the RAF ‘Officers Mess’ Playing Field.
• Private cars for staff can be parked in the staff car park at the ATC Buildings.

Question 54

What are the search procedures if an aircraft or vehicle becomes uncertain of its position on the airfield?

Answer 54

Initial Action: ATC must stop all aircraft movements and notify the RFFS.
Search Initiation: Searches can be initiated by:
* ATC
* RFFS
* BIAL Operations
* BIAC

Question 55

What are the regulations and conditions for ‘Free Ranging’ on the airfield?

Answer 55

Eligible Vehicles:

• Only ‘Follow Me’ and Operations vehicles.
• Vehicles approved by BIAL: Fire, Bird, Ops, Checker.

Conditions for ‘Free Ranging’:

• Qualification and Training: Personnel must be qualified and trained by BIAL.
• Restricted Areas: Vehicles must not cross any runway holding points or illuminated stop bars.

Permitted Taxiways:
* Alpha taxiway up to A1 hold.
* Lima taxiway.
* Charlie taxiway up to C1 hold.
* Bravo taxiway up to Bravo hold.
* Note: Vehicles must not proceed beyond A1, B, or C1 if a red stopbar is illuminated.
* Initial Contact: Vehicles must announce their ‘Free Ranging’ status to ADC on first contact (e.g., “Tower, Bird 1, Free Ranging”) and receive an acknowledgement.
* If GMC is open, vehicles must confirm ‘Free Ranging’ status with GMC.
* Collision Prevention: Vehicles are responsible for avoiding collisions with aircraft on the manoeuvring area.

Suspension of ‘Free Ranging’:

• Suspended during safeguarding, LVPs in force, or at ATC’s request (e.g., Full Emergency).
• ATC Actions:
• Broadcast suspension message.
• Inform BIAL Control Centre and RFFS watch room.
• Both BIAL and RFFS will broadcast suspension on their UHF frequencies.

Question 56

When are conditional clearances not to be issued on the airfield?

Answer 56

• Aircraft operating on active runways
• Vehicles

Question 57

What are the guidelines for issuing conditional clearances on taxiways and aprons?

Answer 57

Single Aircraft Condition: Conditional clearances may only be issued to one aircraft subject to another aircraft to resolve conflicts on aprons and taxiways.

Single Condition: A conditional clearance can only pertain to one condition.

Exercise Caution With:
* Foreign pilots
* Private pilots
* At night

Question 58

What are the lighting facilities necessary for full Low Visibility Procedures (LVPs) on RWY 25 ILS?

Answer 58

Low Visibility Airfield Lighting Includes:

• Approach Lighting: Centreline and five Crossbars
• PAPIs (Precision Approach Path Indicators)
• Supplementary Approach Lighting
• HI Runway Edge Lighting
• HI Runway Centreline Lighting
• Touchdown Zone Lighting
• HI Green Threshold Lighting
• HI Runway End Lighting
• Taxiway Centreline Lighting:
• Approved taxiways for LVPs: ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’, ‘L’, and ‘D’
• Runway Guard Lights
• Stop Bars
• Illuminated Signs
• Illuminated Wind Sleeve
• Obstacle Lights
• Alternative Input Power Supply

Note: RWY 25 ILS is always at CAT IIIB standard unless otherwise notified by Engineering.