Sealants, Caries, & Perio Disease

Question 1

what kind of infection is carie’s

Answer 1

a bacterial infection

Question 2

a localized post eruptive pathological process of external origin that involves softening tooth surface is known as ___

Answer 2

dental caries

Question 3

what two bacterias cause carie’s

Answer 3

streptococcus mutants and lactobacilli

Question 4

what minerals are pulled from enamel and found in saliva to neutralize acids and remineralize teeth

Answer 4

calcium, phosphorus and fluoride

Question 5

bacteria + ___ = acid

Answer 5

sugars (complex carbohydrates)

Question 6

what % of carie’s occur on the occlusal surfaces

Answer 6

84%

Question 7

a high pH in saliva means a decrease in ___

Answer 7

carie’s. neutral pH means less acid to break down enamel

Question 8

what are the 3 required things for carie’s to occur

Answer 8

diet rich in fermentable carbohydrates
poor hygiene leading to bacteria buildup
susceptible tooth lacking nutrients

Question 9

an incipient lesion reaches how far into the enamel

Answer 9

less than half way through

Question 10

moderate lesions reach more than

Answer 10

halfway through enamel

Question 11

advanced and severe lesions go into the

Answer 11

pulp

Question 12

can a incipient lesion remain incipient for long periods of time

Answer 12

yes with correct conditions and proper oral care

Question 13

pit and fissure carie’s are caused mainly by which bacteria

Answer 13

lactobacilli (from high sugar intake)

Question 14

smooth surface carie’s are typically caused by which bacteria

Answer 14

streptococcus mutans

Question 15

streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and actinomycetes bacteria combined cause which form of caries

Answer 15

root caries

Question 16

when is root carie’s most likely to occur in life

Answer 16

the later stages due to increased likley hood of cementum exposure

Question 17

when is the risk for early childhood carie’s the highest

Answer 17

during the first 3 years post eruption

Question 18

associated risk factors of early childhood carie’s are

Answer 18

certain ethnic groups, no water fluoridation, low income and limited access to care

Question 19

what is a carie’s risk test

Answer 19

a salivary flow test that measures the amount of carie’s causing bacteria in saliva

Question 20

what is periodontal disease

Answer 20

an infectious transmissible disease involving surrounding structures of the teeth (tissues/bone)

Question 21

when is a sulcus considered a periodontal pocket

Answer 21

when it exceeds 3mm

Question 22

periodontitis is the

Answer 22

loss of attachment of soft tissues to bone

Question 23

what is the process of periodontal disease

Answer 23

initial lesion > early lesion > established lesion > advanced lesion

Question 24

collagen fibers are destroyed at what process of periodontal disease

Answer 24

established lesion

Question 25

what determines the retention of a sealant

Answer 25

proper isolation when etching to avoid contamination

Question 26

sealants are a ___ procedure

Answer 26

non invasive preventive

Question 27

when are sealants indicated

Answer 27

- newley erupted teeth - depth and number of pits and fissures - no proximal decay

Question 28

contraindications of sealants

Answer 28

- incipient lesions - smooth surfaces - proximal decay - not fully erupted - primary tooth near exfoliation

Question 29

what age are sealants most common

Answer 29

6-15

Question 30

where should you examine prior to sealants placement

Answer 30

the tooth being sealed and the same tooth on opposite side of arch

Question 31

what kind of retention holds a sealant

Answer 31

mechanical retention

Question 32

what is the shelf life of a sealant

Answer 32

18-36 months

Question 33

what are storage conditions for sealant material

Answer 33

do not store near eugenol products do not expose to light or air always replace caps after use

Question 34

what allergen is found in sealant material

Answer 34

acrylates

Question 35

first generation sealant materials were called

Answer 35

cyanoacrylates - poor retention qualities

Question 36

dimethacrylates and methylacrylates are ___ generation and have better region and strength due to fillers

Answer 36

second and third generation materials

Question 37

what do you do if saliva contaminated the etch

Answer 37

re etch for 5 seconds rinse and dry

Question 38

what commonly causes sealant failure to occur within 3-6 months of placement

Answer 38

moisture contamination or inadequate etching

Question 39

if using an air abrasion handpiece to clean occlusal surface you must do what after before placing material

Answer 39

etch twice to neutralize the sodium bicarbonate OR apply 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 seconds

Question 40

why is fluoride added to sealant material

Answer 40

incase the material falls out there will be a strengthened layer of enamel under it in pits and fissures

Question 41

what are the two types of polymerization for sealants material

Answer 41

light cured and self cured - photopolymerization (both light/self)

Question 42

what are two safety precautions to keep in mind during sealant procedure

Answer 42

to not allow any etch to contact tissues and to provide eye protection for the patient

Question 43

is there a difference in retention rates of filled or infilled materials

Answer 43

no

Question 44

why is clear sealant material less disireable

Answer 44

it’s harder to see when placing