Enviromental Health & Safety Chapters 23,23,24 Flashcards
Recommendations are made by ___ and have ___
made by anyone, and have no enforceable authority
Regulations have ___ and are made by ___
authority to enforce, and are made by gov groups and licensing boards
CDA
Canadian dental association (infection control recommendations)
CDAA
Canadian dental assistants association (National voice)
ADA&C
alberta dental association and college (provincial regulatory body) ALL DENTAL PRO
EPA is the
environmental protection agency
DHCP stands for
dental health care provider
CADA
College of alberta dental assistants
PPE
personal protective equipment
WHMIS
workplace hazardous material information systems
IPC
Infection prevention control
CFIA
Canadian food inspection agency
what are the 3 main methods of chemical exposure
inhalation, skin, and ingestion
chronic chemical toxicity is
lower levels of exposure to chemical over long period of time
acute chemical toxicity is
high level of chemical exposure in a short period of time
Acute toxicity causes what reaction
rashes, burns
chronic toxicity can potentially cause
liver, heart, and kidney issues, cancer, sterility
general waste is non regulated and composed of
paper towels, food containers, etc (staff generated)
Contaminated waste is regulated and composed of
anything coming into contact with patient/soiled materials with blood/saliva
Infectious waste is AKA
Regulated, biohazardous, contaminated
Hazardous waste is
chemical waste that can ignite, react, explode, is corrosive or toxic
Biohazardous waste is
anything containing potential to cause an infectious disease
extracted teeth may be returned to patient but only once they are
heat sterilized
Teeth containing amalgam cannot be returned to patient and must be
disposed of properly with mercury spill kit
Why can’t you heat sterilize amalgam
it can cause toxic mercury vapors to be released
gloves and protective clothing protect the
skin
eye protection is to protect the
mucosa of the eye
masks protect the
entire body system
OSHA
Occupational safety and health administration
OSHA is a ____ and is responsible for ___
regulatory agency in the USA, they protect workers in the workplace by implementing standards
The hazard communication standard is AKA
the employee right to know law
4 types of Hazardous chemicals
ignitable/flammable, corrosive, reactive, toxic
EPA is responsible for
Ensuring safety and effectiveness of disinfectants, regulatory agency in the USA
once the EPA approves a product a __ must be on the label
a product number
SDS
safety data sheet
WHMIS is a
legislated system providing information on dangers and the safe handling of products, informs employees of risks and provides access to resources
a hazardous chemical is
a chemical causing a physical or health hazard
safety data sheets contain
heath and safety info about all chemicals present in the office, a resource for employees
employee training must be completed when
- new employee is hired
- new chemical is added to office
- once a year for existing employees
How long are training records kept for
5 years
how should you store chemicals
in a dry, cool, dark place
when a change in chemical composition occurs the __ changes
effectiveness
chemical labels include
- identity of chemical
- name and address of manufacturer
- applicable warnings
the 3 types of contaminated waste are
bodily fluids, tissue/teeth, sharps
sharp are placed in a ___ container for disposal
red, leakproof, puncture resistant, closed container labelled with a biohazards symbol
non intact skin would be
dermatitis, cuts, abrasions
a percetaneous injury is a
the skin is punctured/broken
can you cut, bend, or break sharps prior to placing in bin
no
category 1 exposure pertains to who in the clinic
dentists, RDA, RHA - routinely exposed
category 2 exposure pertains to the
front end staff - occasionally exposed
Category 3 exposer pertains to
financial manager, insurance clerk etc. Anyone who docent have contact with patients
post exposure management includes
a plan of action, steps to take and training of staff
what is the purpose of a pre-examination mouth rinse
to remove the bulk of microorganisms in the mouth
if an office is using amalgam what should be present in the office
a mercury spill kit
ventilation is important because is
reduces the risk of exposure by circulating air
DUWL
dental unit waterlines
community water is kept below how many CFUS
500 (standard of drinking water)
CFU
colony-forming units
legionella bacteria is found in ___ and causes ___
dental water and causes respiratory illness
what are the 2 communities of bacteria in DUWLS
planktonic (free floating) and biofilm (on the walls)
Biofilm is a
slime producing bacterial community (microbial reservoir)
the source of microorganisms is the
municipal water supply
anti retraction valves are used to
prevent backflow
Biocidal levels
chemical levels that will kill organisms and be safe for humans
how would you reduce contamination in DUWL
- self contained water reservoirs
- Chemical treatment regimens
- Microfiltration cartridge
- routinely flushing water lines
when flushing water lines at the start of the day, how long do you flush it for
3 minutes
when flushing the lines between patients you rinse through the handpiece for how long
30 seconds
heating dental unit water can cause
more bacteria growth
durning surgical procedures what kind of water is used
sterile water or saline
infection control practices are used for
preventing transmission of organisms
Rationale
it is impossible to know who is infectious or not so treat everyone as if they are
Universal precautions states that
presence of infection docent always show, same minimal infection prevention protocol used on all patients. Focuses on transmission of blood borne pathogens
Standard precautions is AKA
routine practices
Routine practices is in place to
policy in place that protects DHCP from pathogens spread through all forms of bodily fluids (Blood, saliva, etc)
what are the 4 principles of routine practices
- risk assessment
- hand hygiene
- PPE
- safe handling + disposal of sharps and contaminated waste
if hands are visibly soiled/contaminated with blood/fluids you must use what to clean them
soap and water
ABHR
alcohol based hand rub
what affects the integrity of a glove
petroleum based products
why should you never top up product containers if not empty
because reusable containers must be washed and dried prior to refilling to prevent any bacterial contamination
can you have rings, watches, bracelets fake nails, or long nails while assisting
no
what length is acceptable for fingernails
3-4mm
hands and nails must be kept clean and short because
they are likely to harbour bacteria and can be of risk to the patient
level of PPE is based on what
the anticipated risk of exposure
PPE includes
- level 3 masks
- protective clothing(scrubs) and gowns or lab coats
- Protective eyewear (goggles and faceshield)
- Gloves
face shields can replace or add to ___ but cannot replace ____
eye protection (goggles), can’t replace masks
what are the 3 types of gloves
exam gloves, utility gloves, and sterile gloves
utility gloves are puncture and chemical resistant, what are the used for
cleaning the operatory/ any use of chemicals
sterile gloves are used in ___ and are ___
invasive surgical procedures, prepackaged
what’s the procedure for regolving
- excuse yourself
- remove damaged gloves
- wash and dry hands thoroughly
- reglove and return
how would you maintain effective infection control while gloved
by preparing everything you may need to touch prior to washing and gloving
what are over gloves and why don’t we use them
thin clear plastic gloves intended to go over exam gloves to allow for uncontaminated touching. they are not accepted by Albertas IPC standards
what are the 3 kinds of latex allergies
irritant dermatitis, type 1 reaction, type 4 reaction
Irritant dermatitis is
a chemical irritation, causing red, dry, irritated skin.
severe cases cause cracking skin
Type 1 reaction to latex is
the most severe causing anaphylaxis shock with a 2-3 minute onset. causes coughing, wheezing, rashes
Type 4 reaction to latex is
the most common, 48-72 hour onset. Chemical irritation causing red, itchy, rash/bumps on skin
ergonomics is
adaption of work environment and tasks to the human body
MSD
musculoskeletal disorder
Risk factors of poor ergonomics
posture, repetition, force
what is neutral position
sitting upright, legs separated feet flat, back against rest and hips forward to rotate pelvis back. Spine should resemble an S
when properly aligned your
ears, hips and shoulders should be in vertical alignment
deviations from neutral position causes
pain
what is a strain
extreme stretching of muscles and tendons
what is a sprain
stretch/tearing of ligaments in a joint area
Normal horizontal reach is
reach range with elbow in line with side
maximum vertical reach is
reach range from chest to fingers
maximum horizontal reach is
reach range with arms extended out
repetitive motions, overflowing, and wrist extension can cause what
CTDS
CTD
cumulative trauma disorder
carpal tunnel is classified as a
CTD
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
tendons swelling and placing pressure and the median nerve is known as
CTS
what are symptoms of carpal tunnel
starts as painful tingling in wrist area, decreased ability and power to squeeze into fist.
-advanced cases the thenar muscle is weakened causing weakened grip
how would you “stretch” your eyes
by looking up and focusing on a distance for 20 seconds
full back release is the stretch in which
you move head down allowing head and arms to fall between knees, rest, and then slowly rinse and roll back up
