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dental assisting mda > Dental Radiology - Landmarks, Digital, + Film Processing (3) > Flashcards

Dental Radiology - Landmarks, Digital, + Film Processing (3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is digital imaging

A

the filmless imaging system

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2
Q

How are sensors used for digital imaging

A

sensors obtain the image and directly transfer it to a computer with imaging software to display and modify

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3
Q

Digital imaging produces images that are

A

better than or equivalent to traditional intra oral radiographs

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4
Q

How does digital imaging reduce exposure

A

the sensors are more sensitive to radiation, and there is less chance of retakes being needed due to ability to modify

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5
Q

process of digital imaging

A

exposure to xradiation > electronic charge on sensor > travels through fiberoptic cord> digitized and presented instantly on screen

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6
Q

do you use the same placement techniques with digital sensors as you would traditional film

A

yes

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7
Q

the only thing that differs film from sensors is the

A

process of image production

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8
Q

ADC

A

analog digital converter

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9
Q

are the film sizes different for digital vs traditional

A

no

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10
Q

exposure times for sensors are ___ % less than film

A

50-90%

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11
Q

2 types of Digital imaging

A

direct and indirect

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12
Q

what is the difference of direct and indirect digital imaging

A

direct is sent instantly to the computer, indirect still has to be scanned into the computer with a separate machine

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13
Q

2 types of direct imaging

A

charge couple device (ccd) and complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (cmos)

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14
Q

CCD

A

charge couple device

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15
Q

CMOS

A

complimentary metal oxide semiconductor

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16
Q

APS

A

active pixel sensor

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17
Q

CMOS is aka

A

APS

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18
Q

what does a CCD do

A

releases electrons from silicon and produces electronic charge to create a latent image that is transferred and visible on a computer

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19
Q

CCD is a

A

solid state detector with a silicon chip and electric current embedded inside

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20
Q

How are images from a ccd made

A

with pixels forming arrangements on sensor

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21
Q

CMOS are similar to CCD but have one difference being

A

how the pixels are read

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22
Q

CMOS are claimed to have___

A

25% better resolution, low production cost, and durability compared to ccd

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23
Q

barriers must be used with all ___

A

digital sensors

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24
Q

Indirect digital imaging is

A

obtaining a digital image from film/sensor after exposure by running it through a scanner to convert data to digital format

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25
Q

phosphoric plates are a form of __

A

indirect digital imaging

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26
Q

what equipment do you need for indirect imaging

A

xray, psp plates, scanner, computer w/ software

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27
Q

2 types of indirect imaging

A

scanning traditional radiographs(with CCD camera and computer) and storage phosphor imaging (PSP)

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28
Q

what would the process of infection control be for scanning plates

A

gloves while removing and disinfecting plate, placed into transfer tray once clean, transferred to scanner with clean hands, new gloves on to put through scanner

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29
Q

Phosphor plates with immediately __ the image unless otherwise chosen

A

erase

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30
Q

how is a phosphor plate cleared after scanning

A

with a bright beam of light

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31
Q

Instant images are produced by

A

CCD and CMOS

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32
Q

Laser scanners are used on

A

phosphor plates

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33
Q

digital radiography is overall a ___ option

A

better, if applicable

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34
Q

film processing is the

A

steps needed to produce a permanent visible image on a radiograph

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35
Q

processing converts latent image to

A

visible

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36
Q

Steps of processing are

A

developer, rinse, fixer, wash, dry

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37
Q

development is to

A

reduce the exposed silver halide crystals

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38
Q

reduction is the

A

halide portion of exposed crystals are removed

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39
Q

rinsing between developer and fixer is necessary to

A

remove excess developer to stop process that develops shades of grey

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40
Q

fixing is to

A

remove unexposed radiopaque (white) crystals

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41
Q

elon is a ingredient in developer that helps

A

generate shades of grey

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42
Q

developers have what 4 ingredients

A

developing agent, preservative, accelerator, restrainer

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43
Q

you only rinse between fixer and developer when ___ processing

A

manually processing

44
Q

what 4 ingredients are in fixer

A

fixing agent, preservative, hardening agent, acidifier

45
Q

developer has a __ pH

A

basic

46
Q

fixer has a __ pH

A

acidic

47
Q

what kind of light is used when processing in a dark room

A

a safe light, red or orange

48
Q

a safelight must be __ watts or less and at least __ ft away from machine

A

7 watts, 4 ft

49
Q

optimum temp of solution for Manuel processing is

A

68 f

50
Q

after agitating solution, how long do you place film in developer

A

4.5 - 5 mins

51
Q

after removing film from developer and agitating, you rinse for ___ and place in fixer for ___

A

20-30 sec rinse, 10 mins in fixer

52
Q

film is washed for __ minutes after taken out of the fixer

A

10 mins

53
Q

_ and _ are controlled when automatic processing

A

time and temp

54
Q

automatic processing is

A

less time, less equipment, less space

55
Q

film in hot solution for too long results in a

A

dark film density

56
Q

film in cold solution for not enough time results in a

A

light and bright film

57
Q

reticulation is

A

pebbly web like appearance

58
Q

why does reticulation occur

A

when moving film from a hot to cold environment or vice versa

59
Q

dark spots are a result of

A

developer on film prior to processing

60
Q

light spots are due too

A

fixer on film prior to processing

61
Q

light brown yellow stains are due to

A

not enough washing time

62
Q

white spots (radiopaque air bubbles) are due to

A

failure to agitate the film

63
Q

overlapping images

A

fed into processor to fast

64
Q

dark lines on film are from

A

dirty rollers

65
Q

scratched film can be from

A

dirty rollers or incorrect handling

66
Q

what is a fingernail artifact on film

A

a black cresent mark from operators fingernail

67
Q

static electricity creates a

A

line/dot/branch/lightning bolt pattern due friction from removing to fast

68
Q

fingerprint artifacts are created when

A

contaminated fingers touch film or wet film is handled

69
Q

what is debris accumulation

A

dirt and dust accumulated on digital sensors from being improperly cared for

70
Q

light leaks appear

A

black

71
Q

fogged film appears

A

grey and lacking detail

72
Q

what causes fogged film

A

expired film, hot developer, improper storage

73
Q

overlapped contacts are due to

A

incorrect horizontal angulation

74
Q

elongation occurs due to

A

not enough vertical angulation

75
Q

foreshortened images are due to

A

to much vertical angulation

76
Q

creasing or bent film appears as a

A

radiolucent (for film) or white (for PSP) lines on film

77
Q

cone cuts occur when

A

the pid is not centred on the film

78
Q

on digital film cone cuts appear

A

white and bright

79
Q

on film cone cuts appear

A

clear

80
Q

double exposed film is when

A

film is exposed twice without clearing, causing two images to appear

81
Q

how do you handle film when mounting

A

with clean bare hands only touching the edges

82
Q

what do you label a film mount with

A

patient name, dentist name, date of exposure, operators initials

83
Q

anatomic order is

A

how the teeth are arranged within the arches

84
Q

bone, enamel and dentin all appear

A

radiopaque

85
Q

pulp, periodontal ligaments appear

A

radiolucent

86
Q

gold, amalgam, composite and porcelain all appear

A

radiopaque

87
Q

RCT appear as a ___ going down the roots

A

radiopaque

88
Q

composite appears less radiopaque but still __ then enamel

A

darker

89
Q

porcelain fused to metal crowns appear as a ___ with a radiopaque centre

A

radiolucent outline

90
Q

parallel bone loss is the bone moving ___

A

downward of root

91
Q

vertical/angular bone loss appears as a

A

dip in the bone away from one tooth

92
Q

vertical/angular bone loss also creates a ___

A

deep pocket in gingiva

93
Q

anterior nasal spine is located

A

above the incisive foramen

94
Q

the split between the central incisors is known as the

A

incisive fossa/foramen

95
Q

the nasal spine is located above the

A

nasal septum

96
Q

the nasal septum is above the

A

central incisor root tips

97
Q

median palatine suture is in line with the

A

incisive foramen between centrals

98
Q

the nasal fossa is the fully ___ spaces next to nasal septum

A

radiolucent (black)

99
Q

Between the nasal septum and the median palatine suture are the

A

nasal fossa and anterior nasal spine

100
Q

the soft tissue shadow of the nose appears as a

A

light grey line below root at crown

101
Q

the mental ridge is located on the

A

external side of the mandible under premolars and incisors, appears as a radiopaque band

102
Q

mental fossa is radiolucent and appears above the

A

mental ridge

103
Q

the mental foramen appears as a radiolucency in the

A

mandibular premolar region

104
Q

the mandibular canal appears as a ___ band outlined by ___ lines below the molars

A

radiolucent band outlines by radiopaque lines

105
Q

mylohyoid ridge is aka

A

the internal oblique ridge

106
Q

where is the mylohyoid ridge located

A

from third molar down and forward to second premolar

107
Q

submandibular fossa is located below the

A

mylohyoid ridge

dental assisting mda (35 decks)

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