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dental assisting mda > Preventive Dentistry + Nutrition Chapters 13,14,15,58,59 > Flashcards

Preventive Dentistry + Nutrition Chapters 13,14,15,58,59 Flashcards

1
Q

caries is another word to describe

A

tooth decay

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2
Q

what are the two bacterias within the mouth

A

mutans streptococci and lactobacilli

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3
Q

excessive sugar intake is indicated by the amount of __ bacteria

A

lactobacilli

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4
Q

plaque bacteria + ___ = acid production

A

starch and sugars

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5
Q

what is the first sign of caries on a tooth and how can it be detected and reversed

A

the first sign is a white spot on the tooth, deteted by instrumentation and reversed with fluoride application

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6
Q

What is acquired pellicle

A

a thin adhesive substance/clear film that develops on the tooth after brushing

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7
Q

does acquired pellicle contain any bacteria

A

no

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8
Q

plaque forms after 24 hours due to the __

A

acculumation of bacteria and ability to adhere to the sticky acquired pellicle

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9
Q

plaque is also known as

A

oral biofilm

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10
Q

what type of bacteria is found in plaque subgingivally

A

anaerobic bacteria. Can survive with or without oxygen

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11
Q

plaque found supragingivally contains anaerobic and aeriobic bacteria which means that

A

it requires oxygen to survive

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12
Q

plaque leads to decay because the acids are __ and ___ is unable to penetrate through to neutralize it

A

acids are relased from plaque and saliva cant get through it

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13
Q

what is the cause of periodontal disease

A

plaque

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14
Q

if plaque and calculus is left undisturbed it can lead to

A

destruction of epithelial attachment, pocket formation, and bone destruction

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15
Q

what also contributes to perio disease besides plaque

A

calculus, malocclusion, medications and nutritional deficiency

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16
Q

Severity of periodontal disease is divided into what two categories

A

Localized- less than 30% effected

Generalized - More than 30% effected

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17
Q

what are the 3 degrees of loss of attachment

A

Slight/early - 1-3mm
Moderate - 3-4mm
Severe - 5+mm

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18
Q

periodontitis is the inflammation of

A

supporting tissues and structures of the teeth

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19
Q

Refractory periodontal disease

A

progressive inflammatory destruction thats resistant to treatment

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20
Q

Trench mouth is also known as

A

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis - causes halitosis

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21
Q

Halitosis

A

foul breath

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22
Q

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is associated with people that have

A

immune disorders - HIV

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23
Q

what is considered a pocket

A

anything deeper than 4mm

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24
Q

Cavitation is the

A

formation of a cavity

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25
Q

rampant caries

A

quickly spread through the mouth, occurs after frequent intake of sucrose and improper hygiene

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26
Q

root caries are found on teeth with

A

recession

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27
Q

Where are smooth surface caries found

A

interproximal areas - cervical third, lingual

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28
Q

what are arrested caries

A

caries that are detected early enough to remineralize. tooth must be monitered

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29
Q

secondary or reccurrent caries are found where

A

around the margins of restorations

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30
Q

3 categories of protection from saliva

A

physical (cleansing) , chemical (minerals), antibacterial (immunoglobulins)

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31
Q

instrumentation is the

A

use of an explorer to feel surface texture

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32
Q

what mineral in enamel makes it easier to dissolve

A

carbonate apatite

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33
Q

what is Hydroxyapatite

A

crystals in enamel that give structure. arranged in prisms/rods

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34
Q

what are the minerals found in saliva for remineralization

A

calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride

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35
Q

systemic fluoride

A

naturally occuring, ingested through food and water

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36
Q

topical fluoride is

A

directly applied to the teeth

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37
Q

what is the process when fluoride is applied

A

the fluoride replaces the hydroxyl ion, creating a fluoroapatite crystal. creating more reistance to acid

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38
Q

what stage in development is systemic fluoride intake most important

A

in pregnancy, the preeruptive development stage, the fluid filled sac surrounding the toothbud contains fluoride to strengthen enamel

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39
Q

what is fluorosis

A

permanent white spots on enamel. due to over exposure to fluoride during tooth development

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40
Q

who benefits most from optimum fluoride levels

A

still developing teeth and newley erupted teeth

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41
Q

what is fluorides antibacterial effect

A

it disrupts bacteria and its ability to metabolize sugars, meaning less acid is produced

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42
Q

what should the level of fluoride be in water supply

A

1ppm, less in hot climates

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43
Q

when fluoride is ingested how is it processed

A

through the bloodstream

44
Q

how much is a lethal dose of fluoride

A

2.5-10 grams in adults, 0.25 grams in infants

45
Q

how would you treat someone who has ingested a large amount of fluoride

A

having them drink milk

46
Q

topical fluoride comes in what forms

A

gels, rinses, varnish, foam ane liquid

47
Q

2% sodium fluoride is also known as __ and has a ___ pH

A

NaF, neutral pH

48
Q

what fluoride is safe for use on restorations

A

2% sodium fluoride - NaF

49
Q

1.23% acidulated fluoride is aka ___ and has a pH of

A

APF, 3-3.5 pH (acidic)

50
Q

why is 8% stannous fluoride (SnF) not used

A

it is unstable snd can cause discolouration

51
Q

when would you not apply fluoride

A

prior to selants, ortho placement, or cosmetic procedures

52
Q

should you use a disclosing agent prior to sealants or composite procedures

A

no

53
Q

what can occur due to improper brushing

A

abrasion, recession and root exposure

54
Q

which brushing technique is the most common, goes subgingivally

A

modified bass

55
Q

The bass technique is good for

A

plaque removal

56
Q

what brushing technique is used for ortho parients

A

charters technique

57
Q

the fones technique is used for

A

children

58
Q

what brushing technique is used for periodontal patients or those with crowns and bridges

A

the modified stillman

59
Q

when should flossing be done

A

before brushing

60
Q

proxabrush/interproximal brushes are used to

A

clean interdental areas

61
Q

what is a gum stimulator

A

rubber tip used to massage ginigva

62
Q

dentifrices is aka

A

toothpaste

63
Q

CHX

A

chlorahexadine

64
Q

fluoridated mouth rinse contains how much fluoride

A

0.05% sodium fluoride. reduces caries by 17-47% with once a day rinsing

65
Q

what is coronal polishing

A

removal of plaque and extrinsic stains

66
Q

what is selective polishing

A

only polishing select teeth with stains to avoid removing unnecessary amount of enamel surface

67
Q

bacteriemia

A

rotation of the rubber cup forcing bacteria into tissues

68
Q

polishing is indicated when

A

stains are present, in preparation for sealants or fluoride

69
Q

contraindications for polishing

A 
no stains
demineralized areas
high risk of caries
risk of transient bacteria 
resipratory problems
sensitivity
70
Q

what is an endogenous stain

A

a stain in the structure of tooth, from systemic or developmental causes (enamel hypoplasia)

71
Q

an exogenous stain is

A

outside the toorh, from enviromental causes

72
Q

exogenous divides into two sub categories being

A

intrinsic - permanent like tetracycline stain

extrinsic - removable like wine stains

73
Q

what is the range of grit available for abrasives

A

extra course to extra fine

74
Q

what type of abrasive is used prior to selants

A

pumice with no fluoride

75
Q

what are the two types of sealant material

A 
organic material
filler material (composite)
76
Q

what colors can sealants be

A

tinted, opaque, or clear

77
Q

why would a fuoride release sealant be beneficial

A

it creates a fluoride rich layer between material and tooth surface

78
Q

carbohydrates are the chief source of energy and bulk, what 3 categorys are there

A

simple sugars
complex carbohydrates
dietary fibre(roughage)

79
Q

a monosaccharide is a

A

single molecule sugar

80
Q

what is it called when two sugar molecules join

A

disaccharide (glucose)

81
Q

is dierary fibre digested for energy

A

no

82
Q

how many amino acids are there

A

20, only 8 are essential

83
Q

what are protiens composed of

A

amino acids

84
Q

a complete protien would be a meat source, containing all 8 esential amino acids. therefore

A

supports life and growth

85
Q

partially complete proteins are

A

able to maintain life but not support growth. dosent contain all 8

86
Q

lipids (fats) are composed of

A

triglycerids and phospholipids

87
Q

LDL

A

low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)

88
Q

HDL

A

high density lipoprotein (good cholesterol)

89
Q

what are antioxidants for

A

preventing cholesterol fron oxidizing in the blood and damaging arteries

90
Q

what antioxidants vitamins prevent damage

A

a, e and c

91
Q

vitamins

A

do not provide energy, but help release energy from other sources

92
Q

how many viramins are there

A

13
9 water soluble
4 fat soluble

93
Q

which vitamins are water soluble

A

B complex

C

94
Q

a vitamin c deficiency can cause

A

scurvy and slow wound healing

95
Q

which vitamin causes angular chelitis and anemia

A

Vitamin b

96
Q

folic acid deficiency causes

A

anemia and GI disorders

97
Q

Vitamin K deficiency causes

A

bleeding disorders and issues with clotting

98
Q

how many minerals are there

A

25, 14 are essential

99
Q

how much water should an adult women consume daily

A

91 oz

100
Q

how much water should an adult male consume

A

125 oz

101
Q

what are cariogenic foods

A

foods that promote or produce dental decay

102
Q

what is an anticariogenic

A

xylitol

103
Q

what is xylitol derived from

A

birch trees, corn cobs, oats, bananas, and some mushrooms

104
Q

ectomorph body type

A

delicate body, lean and light muscle

105
Q

mesomorph body type

A

athletic, muscular

106
Q

endomorph body type

A

underdeveloped muscles, round

107
Q

female athlete triad eating disorder consists of

A

restrictive diet, over excercising, weight loss and lack of body fat

dental assisting mda (35 decks)

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