Preventive Dentistry + Nutrition Chapters 13,14,15,58,59

Question 1

caries is another word to describe

Answer 1

tooth decay

Question 2

what are the two bacterias within the mouth

Answer 2

mutans streptococci and lactobacilli

Question 3

excessive sugar intake is indicated by the amount of __ bacteria

Answer 3

lactobacilli

Question 4

plaque bacteria + ___ = acid production

Answer 4

starch and sugars

Question 5

what is the first sign of caries on a tooth and how can it be detected and reversed

Answer 5

the first sign is a white spot on the tooth, deteted by instrumentation and reversed with fluoride application

Question 6

What is acquired pellicle

Answer 6

a thin adhesive substance/clear film that develops on the tooth after brushing

Question 7

does acquired pellicle contain any bacteria

Answer 7

no

Question 8

plaque forms after 24 hours due to the __

Answer 8

acculumation of bacteria and ability to adhere to the sticky acquired pellicle

Question 9

plaque is also known as

Answer 9

oral biofilm

Question 10

what type of bacteria is found in plaque subgingivally

Answer 10

anaerobic bacteria. Can survive with or without oxygen

Question 11

plaque found supragingivally contains anaerobic and aeriobic bacteria which means that

Answer 11

it requires oxygen to survive

Question 12

plaque leads to decay because the acids are __ and ___ is unable to penetrate through to neutralize it

Answer 12

acids are relased from plaque and saliva cant get through it

Question 13

what is the cause of periodontal disease

Answer 13

plaque

Question 14

if plaque and calculus is left undisturbed it can lead to

Answer 14

destruction of epithelial attachment, pocket formation, and bone destruction

Question 15

what also contributes to perio disease besides plaque

Answer 15

calculus, malocclusion, medications and nutritional deficiency

Question 16

Severity of periodontal disease is divided into what two categories

Answer 16

Localized- less than 30% effected

Generalized - More than 30% effected

Question 17

what are the 3 degrees of loss of attachment

Answer 17

Slight/early - 1-3mm
Moderate - 3-4mm
Severe - 5+mm

Question 18

periodontitis is the inflammation of

Answer 18

supporting tissues and structures of the teeth

Question 19

Refractory periodontal disease

Answer 19

progressive inflammatory destruction thats resistant to treatment

Question 20

Trench mouth is also known as

Answer 20

necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis - causes halitosis

Question 21

Halitosis

Answer 21

foul breath

Question 22

Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is associated with people that have

Answer 22

immune disorders - HIV

Question 23

what is considered a pocket

Answer 23

anything deeper than 4mm

Question 24

Cavitation is the

Answer 24

formation of a cavity

Question 25

rampant caries

Answer 25

quickly spread through the mouth, occurs after frequent intake of sucrose and improper hygiene

Question 26

root caries are found on teeth with

Answer 26

recession

Question 27

Where are smooth surface caries found

Answer 27

interproximal areas - cervical third, lingual

Question 28

what are arrested caries

Answer 28

caries that are detected early enough to remineralize. tooth must be monitered

Question 29

secondary or reccurrent caries are found where

Answer 29

around the margins of restorations

Question 30

3 categories of protection from saliva

Answer 30

physical (cleansing) , chemical (minerals), antibacterial (immunoglobulins)

Question 31

instrumentation is the

Answer 31

use of an explorer to feel surface texture

Question 32

what mineral in enamel makes it easier to dissolve

Answer 32

carbonate apatite

Question 33

what is Hydroxyapatite

Answer 33

crystals in enamel that give structure. arranged in prisms/rods

Question 34

what are the minerals found in saliva for remineralization

Answer 34

calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride

Question 35

systemic fluoride

Answer 35

naturally occuring, ingested through food and water

Question 36

topical fluoride is

Answer 36

directly applied to the teeth

Question 37

what is the process when fluoride is applied

Answer 37

the fluoride replaces the hydroxyl ion, creating a fluoroapatite crystal. creating more reistance to acid

Question 38

what stage in development is systemic fluoride intake most important

Answer 38

in pregnancy, the preeruptive development stage, the fluid filled sac surrounding the toothbud contains fluoride to strengthen enamel

Question 39

what is fluorosis

Answer 39

permanent white spots on enamel. due to over exposure to fluoride during tooth development

Question 40

who benefits most from optimum fluoride levels

Answer 40

still developing teeth and newley erupted teeth

Question 41

what is fluorides antibacterial effect

Answer 41

it disrupts bacteria and its ability to metabolize sugars, meaning less acid is produced

Question 42

what should the level of fluoride be in water supply

Answer 42

1ppm, less in hot climates

Question 43

when fluoride is ingested how is it processed

Answer 43

through the bloodstream

Question 44

how much is a lethal dose of fluoride

Answer 44

2.5-10 grams in adults, 0.25 grams in infants

Question 45

how would you treat someone who has ingested a large amount of fluoride

Answer 45

having them drink milk

Question 46

topical fluoride comes in what forms

Answer 46

gels, rinses, varnish, foam ane liquid

Question 47

2% sodium fluoride is also known as __ and has a ___ pH

Answer 47

NaF, neutral pH

Question 48

what fluoride is safe for use on restorations

Answer 48

2% sodium fluoride - NaF

Question 49

1.23% acidulated fluoride is aka ___ and has a pH of

Answer 49

APF, 3-3.5 pH (acidic)

Question 50

why is 8% stannous fluoride (SnF) not used

Answer 50

it is unstable snd can cause discolouration

Question 51

when would you not apply fluoride

Answer 51

prior to selants, ortho placement, or cosmetic procedures

Question 52

should you use a disclosing agent prior to sealants or composite procedures

Answer 52

no

Question 53

what can occur due to improper brushing

Answer 53

abrasion, recession and root exposure

Question 54

which brushing technique is the most common, goes subgingivally

Answer 54

modified bass

Question 55

The bass technique is good for

Answer 55

plaque removal

Question 56

what brushing technique is used for ortho parients

Answer 56

charters technique

Question 57

the fones technique is used for

Answer 57

children

Question 58

what brushing technique is used for periodontal patients or those with crowns and bridges

Answer 58

the modified stillman

Question 59

when should flossing be done

Answer 59

before brushing

Question 60

proxabrush/interproximal brushes are used to

Answer 60

clean interdental areas

Question 61

what is a gum stimulator

Answer 61

rubber tip used to massage ginigva

Question 62

dentifrices is aka

Answer 62

toothpaste

Question 63

CHX

Answer 63

chlorahexadine

Question 64

fluoridated mouth rinse contains how much fluoride

Answer 64

0.05% sodium fluoride. reduces caries by 17-47% with once a day rinsing

Question 65

what is coronal polishing

Answer 65

removal of plaque and extrinsic stains

Question 66

what is selective polishing

Answer 66

only polishing select teeth with stains to avoid removing unnecessary amount of enamel surface

Question 67

bacteriemia

Answer 67

rotation of the rubber cup forcing bacteria into tissues

Question 68

polishing is indicated when

Answer 68

stains are present, in preparation for sealants or fluoride

Question 69

contraindications for polishing

Answer 69

``` no stains demineralized areas high risk of caries risk of transient bacteria resipratory problems sensitivity ```

Question 70

what is an endogenous stain

Answer 70

a stain in the structure of tooth, from systemic or developmental causes (enamel hypoplasia)

Question 71

an exogenous stain is

Answer 71

outside the toorh, from enviromental causes

Question 72

exogenous divides into two sub categories being

Answer 72

intrinsic - permanent like tetracycline stain | extrinsic - removable like wine stains

Question 73

what is the range of grit available for abrasives

Answer 73

extra course to extra fine

Question 74

what type of abrasive is used prior to selants

Answer 74

pumice with no fluoride

Question 75

what are the two types of sealant material

Answer 75

``` organic material filler material (composite) ```

Question 76

what colors can sealants be

Answer 76

tinted, opaque, or clear

Question 77

why would a fuoride release sealant be beneficial

Answer 77

it creates a fluoride rich layer between material and tooth surface

Question 78

carbohydrates are the chief source of energy and bulk, what 3 categorys are there

Answer 78

simple sugars complex carbohydrates dietary fibre(roughage)

Question 79

a monosaccharide is a

Answer 79

single molecule sugar

Question 80

what is it called when two sugar molecules join

Answer 80

disaccharide (glucose)

Question 81

is dierary fibre digested for energy

Answer 81

no

Question 82

how many amino acids are there

Answer 82

20, only 8 are essential

Question 83

what are protiens composed of

Answer 83

amino acids

Question 84

a complete protien would be a meat source, containing all 8 esential amino acids. therefore

Answer 84

supports life and growth

Question 85

partially complete proteins are

Answer 85

able to maintain life but not support growth. dosent contain all 8

Question 86

lipids (fats) are composed of

Answer 86

triglycerids and phospholipids

Question 87

LDL

Answer 87

low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)

Question 88

HDL

Answer 88

high density lipoprotein (good cholesterol)

Question 89

what are antioxidants for

Answer 89

preventing cholesterol fron oxidizing in the blood and damaging arteries

Question 90

what antioxidants vitamins prevent damage

Answer 90

a, e and c

Question 91

vitamins

Answer 91

do not provide energy, but help release energy from other sources

Question 92

how many viramins are there

Answer 92

13 9 water soluble 4 fat soluble

Question 93

which vitamins are water soluble

Answer 93

B complex | C

Question 94

a vitamin c deficiency can cause

Answer 94

scurvy and slow wound healing

Question 95

which vitamin causes angular chelitis and anemia

Answer 95

Vitamin b

Question 96

folic acid deficiency causes

Answer 96

anemia and GI disorders

Question 97

Vitamin K deficiency causes

Answer 97

bleeding disorders and issues with clotting

Question 98

how many minerals are there

Answer 98

25, 14 are essential

Question 99

how much water should an adult women consume daily

Answer 99

91 oz

Question 100

how much water should an adult male consume

Answer 100

125 oz

Question 101

what are cariogenic foods

Answer 101

foods that promote or produce dental decay

Question 102

what is an anticariogenic

Answer 102

xylitol

Question 103

what is xylitol derived from

Answer 103

birch trees, corn cobs, oats, bananas, and some mushrooms

Question 104

ectomorph body type

Answer 104

delicate body, lean and light muscle

Question 105

mesomorph body type

Answer 105

athletic, muscular

Question 106

endomorph body type

Answer 106

underdeveloped muscles, round

Question 107

female athlete triad eating disorder consists of

Answer 107

restrictive diet, over excercising, weight loss and lack of body fat