Preventive Dentistry + Nutrition Chapters 13,14,15,58,59 Flashcards
caries is another word to describe
tooth decay
what are the two bacterias within the mouth
mutans streptococci and lactobacilli
excessive sugar intake is indicated by the amount of __ bacteria
lactobacilli
plaque bacteria + ___ = acid production
starch and sugars
what is the first sign of caries on a tooth and how can it be detected and reversed
the first sign is a white spot on the tooth, deteted by instrumentation and reversed with fluoride application
What is acquired pellicle
a thin adhesive substance/clear film that develops on the tooth after brushing
does acquired pellicle contain any bacteria
no
plaque forms after 24 hours due to the __
acculumation of bacteria and ability to adhere to the sticky acquired pellicle
plaque is also known as
oral biofilm
what type of bacteria is found in plaque subgingivally
anaerobic bacteria. Can survive with or without oxygen
plaque found supragingivally contains anaerobic and aeriobic bacteria which means that
it requires oxygen to survive
plaque leads to decay because the acids are __ and ___ is unable to penetrate through to neutralize it
acids are relased from plaque and saliva cant get through it
what is the cause of periodontal disease
plaque
if plaque and calculus is left undisturbed it can lead to
destruction of epithelial attachment, pocket formation, and bone destruction
what also contributes to perio disease besides plaque
calculus, malocclusion, medications and nutritional deficiency
Severity of periodontal disease is divided into what two categories
Localized- less than 30% effected
Generalized - More than 30% effected
what are the 3 degrees of loss of attachment
Slight/early - 1-3mm
Moderate - 3-4mm
Severe - 5+mm
periodontitis is the inflammation of
supporting tissues and structures of the teeth
Refractory periodontal disease
progressive inflammatory destruction thats resistant to treatment
Trench mouth is also known as
necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis - causes halitosis
Halitosis
foul breath
Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis is associated with people that have
immune disorders - HIV
what is considered a pocket
anything deeper than 4mm
Cavitation is the
formation of a cavity
rampant caries
quickly spread through the mouth, occurs after frequent intake of sucrose and improper hygiene
root caries are found on teeth with
recession
Where are smooth surface caries found
interproximal areas - cervical third, lingual
what are arrested caries
caries that are detected early enough to remineralize. tooth must be monitered
secondary or reccurrent caries are found where
around the margins of restorations
3 categories of protection from saliva
physical (cleansing) , chemical (minerals), antibacterial (immunoglobulins)
instrumentation is the
use of an explorer to feel surface texture
what mineral in enamel makes it easier to dissolve
carbonate apatite
what is Hydroxyapatite
crystals in enamel that give structure. arranged in prisms/rods
what are the minerals found in saliva for remineralization
calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride
systemic fluoride
naturally occuring, ingested through food and water
topical fluoride is
directly applied to the teeth
what is the process when fluoride is applied
the fluoride replaces the hydroxyl ion, creating a fluoroapatite crystal. creating more reistance to acid
what stage in development is systemic fluoride intake most important
in pregnancy, the preeruptive development stage, the fluid filled sac surrounding the toothbud contains fluoride to strengthen enamel
what is fluorosis
permanent white spots on enamel. due to over exposure to fluoride during tooth development
who benefits most from optimum fluoride levels
still developing teeth and newley erupted teeth
what is fluorides antibacterial effect
it disrupts bacteria and its ability to metabolize sugars, meaning less acid is produced
what should the level of fluoride be in water supply
1ppm, less in hot climates
when fluoride is ingested how is it processed
through the bloodstream
how much is a lethal dose of fluoride
2.5-10 grams in adults, 0.25 grams in infants
how would you treat someone who has ingested a large amount of fluoride
having them drink milk
topical fluoride comes in what forms
gels, rinses, varnish, foam ane liquid
2% sodium fluoride is also known as __ and has a ___ pH
NaF, neutral pH
what fluoride is safe for use on restorations
2% sodium fluoride - NaF
1.23% acidulated fluoride is aka ___ and has a pH of
APF, 3-3.5 pH (acidic)
why is 8% stannous fluoride (SnF) not used
it is unstable snd can cause discolouration
when would you not apply fluoride
prior to selants, ortho placement, or cosmetic procedures
should you use a disclosing agent prior to sealants or composite procedures
no
what can occur due to improper brushing
abrasion, recession and root exposure
which brushing technique is the most common, goes subgingivally
modified bass
The bass technique is good for
plaque removal
what brushing technique is used for ortho parients
charters technique
the fones technique is used for
children
what brushing technique is used for periodontal patients or those with crowns and bridges
the modified stillman
when should flossing be done
before brushing
proxabrush/interproximal brushes are used to
clean interdental areas
what is a gum stimulator
rubber tip used to massage ginigva
dentifrices is aka
toothpaste
CHX
chlorahexadine
fluoridated mouth rinse contains how much fluoride
0.05% sodium fluoride. reduces caries by 17-47% with once a day rinsing
what is coronal polishing
removal of plaque and extrinsic stains
what is selective polishing
only polishing select teeth with stains to avoid removing unnecessary amount of enamel surface
bacteriemia
rotation of the rubber cup forcing bacteria into tissues
polishing is indicated when
stains are present, in preparation for sealants or fluoride
contraindications for polishing
no stains demineralized areas high risk of caries risk of transient bacteria resipratory problems sensitivity
what is an endogenous stain
a stain in the structure of tooth, from systemic or developmental causes (enamel hypoplasia)
an exogenous stain is
outside the toorh, from enviromental causes
exogenous divides into two sub categories being
intrinsic - permanent like tetracycline stain
extrinsic - removable like wine stains
what is the range of grit available for abrasives
extra course to extra fine
what type of abrasive is used prior to selants
pumice with no fluoride
what are the two types of sealant material
organic material filler material (composite)
what colors can sealants be
tinted, opaque, or clear
why would a fuoride release sealant be beneficial
it creates a fluoride rich layer between material and tooth surface
carbohydrates are the chief source of energy and bulk, what 3 categorys are there
simple sugars
complex carbohydrates
dietary fibre(roughage)
a monosaccharide is a
single molecule sugar
what is it called when two sugar molecules join
disaccharide (glucose)
is dierary fibre digested for energy
no
how many amino acids are there
20, only 8 are essential
what are protiens composed of
amino acids
a complete protien would be a meat source, containing all 8 esential amino acids. therefore
supports life and growth
partially complete proteins are
able to maintain life but not support growth. dosent contain all 8
lipids (fats) are composed of
triglycerids and phospholipids
LDL
low density lipoprotein (bad cholesterol)
HDL
high density lipoprotein (good cholesterol)
what are antioxidants for
preventing cholesterol fron oxidizing in the blood and damaging arteries
what antioxidants vitamins prevent damage
a, e and c
vitamins
do not provide energy, but help release energy from other sources
how many viramins are there
13
9 water soluble
4 fat soluble
which vitamins are water soluble
B complex
C
a vitamin c deficiency can cause
scurvy and slow wound healing
which vitamin causes angular chelitis and anemia
Vitamin b
folic acid deficiency causes
anemia and GI disorders
Vitamin K deficiency causes
bleeding disorders and issues with clotting
how many minerals are there
25, 14 are essential
how much water should an adult women consume daily
91 oz
how much water should an adult male consume
125 oz
what are cariogenic foods
foods that promote or produce dental decay
what is an anticariogenic
xylitol
what is xylitol derived from
birch trees, corn cobs, oats, bananas, and some mushrooms
ectomorph body type
delicate body, lean and light muscle
mesomorph body type
athletic, muscular
endomorph body type
underdeveloped muscles, round
female athlete triad eating disorder consists of
restrictive diet, over excercising, weight loss and lack of body fat
